< p >是的,他们可以。< / p > < p >一般来说,大多数动态大气现象热引擎在一种或另一种形式。最终热源是由于阳光加热,冷沉的上层大气,天气寒冷,由于发射热辐射进入太空。大对流细胞(如热带气旋或哈德利细胞)行为一般像卡诺引擎,绝热地扩展包的空气向上为他们带来了从地面到上层大气,然后等温压缩他们辐射进入太空,然后绝热压缩他们返回到表面,然后等温地扩大他们从地上捡起热。(这是一个非常粗略的近似描述现实。)净效应是将热量从地面到上层大气,而少量的热量转换成动能,使整个运动。< / p > < p >雷暴是一个相当有趣的案例,因为他们是由潜热和显热。表面附近的空气不仅是温暖而潮湿的,由于蒸发和植物的蒸腾作用。随着空气上升它冷却。清凉的空气可以容纳水分小于热空气,这可能会导致冷凝(即云和雨的形成)。这个凝结释放热量。 A thunderstorm happens when condensation releases so much heat that the air starts to rise even faster, pulling more air up behind it. The moisture in this air then condenses, releasing more heat and pulling more air up, and so on. This is why thunderstorms often rise to a much greater height than the surrounding clouds. Condensation releases heat, but evaporation uses up heat, which is why you feel cooler when you sweat. When water evaporates it takes heat away from the surface. That heat was put there by sunlight, and it gets released back again at the top of the thunderstorm. So a thunderstorm is part of a large-scale heat transport process that begins with evaporative cooling at the Earth's surface, and ends with the heat from condensation being transported into the upper atmosphere and ultimately radiated away into space.