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这是从一个广泛的问题，我在3个问题中分解。请随意编辑。

场景二。在洞穴里还是在地下?< / p >

However, with seismological equipment (seismograph) we can with great clarity, monitor explosions, earthquakes, or impacts. Seismographs during WW2 and later where used to detect nuclear detonations.

Due to the crustal composition, or earths composition the shock-wave would travel through the lithosphere (crust and upper mantle) and I would imagine would spread similar to that of earthquakes. Such as certain waves traveling through the crust that a berried by transitions between the layers and some will pass through the liquid layers of the planet. That whole thing is enough to give you a headache, fascinating non the less.

If you want to learn more about asteroids, I would suggest starting with: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteor_Crater

Now it is specific to meteors and may not answer your specific question but it is an interesting read.

This information came from a geology student. This is my first post and I am just trying to follow the rules.

Hope that gave some insight!

Oh as for a cave, it would depend where, but you definitely could in the right locality and it would be the last place Id want to be, at least during impact and initial effects following the impact. If you into mega nature processes, check out the lat 1800's eruption of Krakatau, its explosion is the largest record in the US and what hear as far as Australia. Or Columbia river flood basalt or the ignimbrite storm.