Instead with each of the numbers 1 through 48, you can get the state data for each of the US contiguous states. And Alaska is 50. Likewise with precip:
Precipitation: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/statewide/time-series/STATENUMBER/pcp/1/4/1895-2018?base_prd=true&firstbaseyear=1901&lastbaseyear=2000
However, it looks like disappointingly Hawaii (and territories) doesn't get the same data produced, or at least available anywhere I can find on that site. If you really want to seek that out, you might consider using Honolulu and Juan climate reports for a reasonable proxy, or the answer to the question Current Global Climate Dataset? on GSE may offer a rough avenue towards fair gridded information.
Not the easiest avenue, would love to see something better (and hopeful if you do go through this tedious method, perhaps post it to a Github repo or such so that more data may be easily available in the future to others facing the same problem.