矿物的分类如下:原生元素，硫化物，硫酸盐，氧化物，卤化物，碳酸盐，硝酸盐，硼酸盐，磷酸盐，硫酸盐，钨酸盐，硅酸盐我列出了一些我知道的关于矿物分类的更多细节，请参考这个[链接]。1

Organic vs inorganic

Silicates vs non-silicates

 Subdivided silicates into smaller groups by crystalline structures 

Metals vs non-metals

 Subdivide non-metals into smaller groups metal oxides metal sulfides metal and non-metal acid salts organized by dominant anion (1)(2) 

(1) In chemistry, a salt is an ionic compound that can be formed by the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base.1 Salts are composed of related numbers of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negative ions) so that the product is electrically neutral (without a net charge). These component ions can be inorganic, such as chloride (Cl−), or organic, such as acetate (CH3CO−2); and can be monatomic, such as fluoride (F−), or polyatomic, such as sulfate (SO2−4). (from wikipedia)

(2) Some these subgroups represent hypothetical acid-base reactions not actualy seen in nature but modeled after known acid-base reactions. My opinion here is that this approach was used because it was popular theory in chemistry at the time when James Dwight Dana published his work in 1837.

There are other minerals classfication systems

1) By crystal system -triclinic, monoclinic, orthorhombic, tetragonal, hexagonal, and cubic.

2) By Cleavage, parting, fracture, and tenacity

3) By mineral hardness

4) By specific gravity or density

5) By mineral association (my favorite and often the best way of identifying and unknown mineral especially when the location is known.