In 2011-2012, there was an eruption at Cordon Caulle (Chile) that showed that both dynamics can even happen at the same time! There was magma explosion and effusion from the same vent, simultaneously. This is explained by Castro et al. (2013) by a dyke geometry (figure 7) allowing some magma to ascend more slowly, thus having more time to degas. Schipper et al. (2013) also proposed a conduit model (figure 10) where shear zonation creates a network of permeable magma through which the explosive activity occurs.