Even if you could find a way to melt all the $\small\mathsf{CO_2}$ in the polar caps (mainly the south pole), there isn't enough to create an atmosphere as substantial as you would find at the top of Mount Everest. There might be enough to raise average temperatures by a few degrees, but what use would that be? The first astronauts will be doing the usual things. mainly geological exploration, particularly with a view to establishing whether there was ever any primitive, unicellular life on the planet.
Another task will be to find sites which might be suitable for establishing a permanent base, one of the main requirements being a good water supply. They might also experiment with ways of using local materials for building purposes, in preparation for future expeditions building a permanent base. The fact that liquid water can't exist in the open might be a problem when it comes to making cement. The Romans made an excellent cement out of volcanic tuff, so in the right place there could be plenty of that. Measuring the effects of the Martian environment on their bodies will take up much of the astronaut's time. They will not be exploring methods of geo-engineering.
我们已经了解了改造火星所需的一些方面的要求& &;月亮。正如@David_Garcia_Bodego在他的评论中提到的，引力是天体能够保持大气层的一个主要因素。< / p >
This is because the gravity of a celestial body affects the escape velocity of that body. The other important factor is the surface temperature of the celestial body. This is why Titan, a satellite of Saturn, has a thick atmosphere, despite having a similar escape velocity to the Moon (Luna), it is much colder and has a thick atmosphere.
Another factor that assists Titan in maintaining a thick atmosphere is its distance from the Sun and the weaker effect of the solar wind at that distance. Also, Titan is protected by Saturn's magnetosphere.
I recommend reading:
and the links contained within those questions.
Yes, these questions discuss the Moon and not Mars, but the information provided in those questions is applicable to Mars.
The graph below provides a visual of the gases a celestial body can retain in a atmosphere based on escape velocity and temperature.
Factors that act in favor of Mars being able to have a thick atmosphere are:
- Mars is farther away from the Sun than Earth & Luna so it experiences a weaker solar wind.
- The surface temperature of Mars is cold, which reduces the energy of atmospheric molecules.
Factors that act against Mars being able to have a thick atmosphere are:
- The gravity of Mars and subsequently the escape velocity of Mars is small.
- The lack of a magnetosphere to shield the atmosphere from solar wind.