缺口的位置火山(秘鲁和智利)-地球科学堆栈交换江南电子竞技平台江南体育网页版 最近30从www.hoelymoley.com 2023 - 07 - 08 - t23:42:11z //www.hoelymoley.com/feeds/question/18873 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/rdf //www.hoelymoley.com/q/18873 8 空白的位置火山(秘鲁和智利) caverac //www.hoelymoley.com/users/18588 2020 - 01 - 04 - t20:27:08z 2020 - 01 - 05 - t21:35:18z < p >下图来自< a href = " https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019JGRB..124..195R/abstract " rel = " noreferrer " > Reath, k . et al . (2019) < / > < / p > < p >几件事情可以从中看到表示< / p > < ol > <李> < p >火山活动似乎强烈与俯冲带,在这种情况下,纳斯卡板块和南美板块。李李< / p > < / > < > < p >有很大差距在秘鲁和智利火山。这表明俯冲并不是故事的全部。一定有别的事情发生< / p > < /李> < / ol > < p >问题是:我们知道吗?这些差距的原因是什么?< / p > < p > < a href = " https://i.stack.imgur.com/wJhvW.png " rel = " noreferrer " > < img src = " https://i.stack.imgur.com/wJhvW.png " alt = "在这里输入图像描述" > < / > < / p > //www.hoelymoley.com/questions/18873/-/18875 # 18875 0 答案由Michael Walsby火山的缺口位置(秘鲁和智利) 迈克尔Walsby //www.hoelymoley.com/users/17166 2020 - 01 - 05 - t08:36:51z 2020 - 01 - 05 - t08:36:51z < p >当一个大洋板块下面俯冲大陆板块,它深入地幔,带着水和产生摩擦热,融化的岩石(含水量高的岩石融化更容易)。这产生的滚滚岩浆在大陆板块的利润。岩浆是轻于地幔物质,它上升,直到满足上面的大陆板块。羽毛尝试突破,但并不总是成功的。那些突破形成火山,那些不太能突破形成深成岩体。< / p > < p >查看地图,我们看到差距,岩浆滚滚迄今未能突破,也许在地壳的地方是厚的。的地方似乎应该有更多的火山,可能有深成岩体标记一个失败的尝试,或仍有羽流上升可能有一天成功到达表面。接近的火山,这些火山可能是出血了如此多的岩浆上升,其余很难突破。< / p > //www.hoelymoley.com/questions/18873/-/18876 # 18876 5 user18607回答的空白位置的火山(秘鲁和智利) user18607 //www.hoelymoley.com/users/0 2020 - 01 - 05 - t09:59:39z 2020 - 01 - 05 - t12:02:12z < p >, < a href = " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andean_Volcanic_Belt " rel = " nofollow noreferrer " > < / >是这个设置。一个相对< A href = " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazca_Plate " rel = " nofollow noreferrer " >年轻板< / >板块俯冲在南美大陆。俯冲大洋板块包含挤出的水的压力下,开始上升。Water (fluids) generally lower the melting point, so hot asthenosphere above the colder subducting plate partially melts, the magma, being more mobile, begins to rise and eventually reaches the surface, forming a volcanic arc that sketches the subduction zone on the suurface.

So why are there volcanoes in some parts of the subducting plate, and not in others ? This is a temporary state. At present ridges are subducted in these zones. These ridges are warm and less buoyant than the surrounding plate, they don't pass the asthenosphere but slide (after a short dip) (near) horizontally under the continental crust, causing uplift and orogeny (mountain rise). In the past, there has been volcanism in these zones as well, when steeper subduction took place.

So, yes, subduction is the whole story, but the type of subduction plays a role. The last link describes the current understanding of how these areas with volcanism will shift with subduction of the ridges, as well as sketches of the subduction types, as pictured by seismics.

 //www.hoelymoley.com/questions/18873/-/18877 # 18877 12 回答的让-玛丽•Prival缺口的位置火山(秘鲁和智利) 让-玛丽•Prival //www.hoelymoley.com/users/18081 2020 - 01 - 05 - t10:22:39z 2020 - 01 - 05 - t21:35:18z < p >正如你所说,安第斯带分为四个部分,通常被称为北部、中部、南部和南国火山地带(NVZ、CVZ SVZ AVZ,分别;你的地图缺少AVZ)。这是解释为俯冲角的差异。根据活跃区,俯冲板块(称为“板”)下沉到地幔,释放水,和水化地幔部分融化,这一过程被称为“交代”。但<强>差距下,板有一个低角度(“平板俯冲”),所以它不会沉深足以引发融化过程< /强>。没有这些区域下地幔的部分熔融。< / p > < p >现在,为什么板未能沉在这些区域?这是由于海底山脊的存在。NVZ和CVZ之间,有< a href = " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazca_Ridge " rel = " nofollow noreferrer " >纳斯卡岭< / >。同样,有之间的胡安费尔南德斯岭CVZ SVZ。 Those ridges are young, making the oceanic crust less dense, thus more buoyant (usually it is old, dense oceanic crust that subducts). The ridges also make the oceanic crust thicker, thus harder to subduct.

enter image description here
Image source; by Chiton magnificus in 2011 and placed in the public domain.

Two papers if you want to go further:
Baidu
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