过度饱和对冰是什么意思?- 江南体育网页版- - - - -地球科学堆江南电子竞技平台栈交换 最近30从www.hoelymoley.com 2023 - 07 - 07 - t14:10:11z //www.hoelymoley.com/feeds/question/19601 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/rdf //www.hoelymoley.com/q/19601 2 过度饱和对冰是什么意思? wheelix //www.hoelymoley.com/users/20309 2020 - 04 - 16 - t04:30:31z 2020 - 04 - 17 - t23:00:11z < p >我一直在阅读有关Bergeron过程,这一过程产生的降水在中纬度地区产生冰晶的水滴。那部分我不明白是过度饱和对冰与水。< / p > < p >江南体育网页版从地球科学,Tarbuck Lutgens, Tasa:“当空气饱和水,过饱和冰。。。因此,冰晶不能与水滴,因为空气总是共存”出现“过饱和冰晶。因此,冰晶开始消耗多余的水蒸气。”< / p > < p >我并不完全明白过度饱和相对于水和冰的意思是,即使他们试图解释它。我的第一个念头是,也许在冰面,水蒸气分子的亲和力是高于空气,所以水蒸气分子更容易沉积在表面,因此为什么相对湿度对冰较高。然而,在我的思想,“关于”意味着表面水蒸气越来越沉积,当明确的声明说,被沉积(“关于水”)。谁能解释这个明显吗? < / p > //www.hoelymoley.com/questions/19601/-/19602 # 19602 2 gerrit回答的过度饱和对冰是什么意思? gerrit //www.hoelymoley.com/users/6 2020 - 04 - 16 - t08:17:49z 2020 - 04 - 16 - t08:25:18z < p > < a href = " http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Saturation_vapor_pressure " rel = " nofollow noreferrer " >饱和蒸汽压美国气象协会定义的< / >:< / p > < blockquote > < p >系统的蒸汽压,在给定的温度下,物质的蒸汽平衡的平面的,物质的纯液体或固相;也就是说,系统达到饱和蒸汽压的但不过度饱和。< / p > < p >纯物质的饱和蒸汽压,对指定的父阶段,是物质的固有属性,是温度的函数。水蒸气的饱和压力在过冷液体明显不同于在冰。< / p > < /引用> < p >当水蒸气存在的身体过冷液体水,水不断的液体和水蒸气之间交换形式。当达到平衡时,在两个方向上都有平等的相变。如果空气变得饱和,没有更多的水蒸气可以添加到它,因为它会立即冷凝液体形式。在这个温度,蒸汽压力是对水的饱和蒸汽压。记住,水可以存在低于0°C -云通常不完全冻结,直到温度下降到-40°C,虽然这取决于许多因素和细节进行研究。< / p > < p >当水蒸气存在冰的身体,有一个相交换。在一定的温度和压力、空气饱和,任何水添加将凝结成冰。 At this temperature, the vapour pressure is the saturation vapour pressure with respect to ice.

By "Body of" you should probably not so much think of a frozen lake or liquid ocean but rather of small cloud droplets or ice particles.

This graph from Vermont State College shows the saturation vapour pressure over water or ice:

Saturation vapour pressure
Source: Vermont State College

As your source stated, this difference is important for meteorology as it affects the formation of clouds and precipitation.

Now as to why the saturation vapour pressure is different with respect to water than with respect to ice is another question. You may find more expertise for that on Chemistry Stack Exchange than here on Earth Science. My atmospheric science textbooks in any case don't go into detail there.

//www.hoelymoley.com/questions/19601/-/19609 # 19609 2 答案由BarocliniCplusplus过度饱和对冰是什么意思? BarocliniCplusplus //www.hoelymoley.com/users/704 2020 - 04 - 17 - t22:53:13z 2020 - 04 - 17 - t23:00:11z < p >我可以确定这可能混淆的两个部分。第一个是蒸汽压对冰,和第二个是过度饱和。< / p > < p >首先,让我们看看在相变的方程。所描述的饱和蒸汽压可以< a href = " http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Clausius-clapeyron_equation " rel = " nofollow noreferrer " > < / >克劳修斯Clapeyeron方程。求解这个方程显式(即不使用博尔顿的公式中使用的链接),我们发现< span class = " math-container " > $ $ e_s (T) = e_s (T_0) \ exp(\压裂{L} {R_v}[\压裂{1}{T_0} - \压裂{1}{T})) $ $ < / span > < / p > < p >, < span class = " math-container " > e_s < / span >美元是饱和蒸汽压,< span class = " math-container " > T_0 < / span >美元是一个给定的温度(通常是273 K), < span class = " math-container " > L < / span >是美元转换、潜热和<跨类= " math-container " > T < / span >美元是温度。请注意,我说的是转换潜热,所以它可以从一个阶段到另一个。因此我们可以做一个相空间图所示使用< span class = " math-container " > L_f < / span >美元(熔化潜热),< span class = " math-container " > L_v < / span >美元(汽化潜热)和<跨类= " math-container " > L_s < / span >美元(升华热,气体固体)。的值可以找到这些< a href = " http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Latent_heat " rel = " nofollow noreferrer " > < / >。< / p > < p > < a href = " https://i.stack.imgur.com/p6ZdY.png " rel = " nofollow noreferrer " > < img src = " https://i.stack.imgur.com/p6ZdY.png " alt = "相图" > < / > < / p > < p >在所有三个满足< a href = " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_point " rel = " nofollow noreferrer " >三相点< / >,但更通常被称为水的冰点。注意到它下面的液体是不存在的。相反,气体直接进入固体(< a href = " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposition_ (phase_transition)”rel = " nofollow noreferrer " > < / >)沉积。 In reality, liquid water can exist below this temperature (supercooled water), but it will eventually turn into a gas or ice.

I made a graph (below), similar to the phase diagram above, but does not clip off the clausius clapeyeron curve. Notice that below 273 K, the saturation pressure of vapor w.r.t. (with respect to) ice is lower than water. This basically says that it will first turn into ice before it turns into water. Then, above 273 K, the vapor saturation curve wrt water is less than ice- meaning it is easier to turn into liquid water above 273 K than it is for ice.

 Custom Clausius Clapeyeron curve

Next is the concept of supersaturation. Supersaturation generically refers to a state that is above saturation. In this sense, supersaturation can be identified by having a relative humidity over 100%. While some websites may give a different definition, I think of relative humidity as being the ratio of water entering the liquid (or solid phase), to water becoming a gas. So supersaturation means that there is enough water vapor in the air, at that temperature, to form a cloud.

I should note, that the process of making a cloud can be a bit more convoluted than this answer. For that, I recommend looking at this answer where I discuss Kohler theory.

So the short answer is, there is sufficient water vapor in the air to form a cloud. But because it is below freezing, the cloud is formed via deposition, much like how frost is formed.

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