主要的区别是什么天气模型和气候模型?- 江南体育网页版- - - - -地球科学堆江南电子竞技平台栈交换 最近30从www.hoelymoley.com 2023 - 07 - 09 - t01:33:57z //www.hoelymoley.com/feeds/question/20 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/rdf //www.hoelymoley.com/q/20 22 主要的区别是什么天气模型和气候模型? InquilineKea //www.hoelymoley.com/users/10 2014 - 04 - 15 - t20:20:25z 2015 - 11 - 20 - t10:28:06z < p >天气模型包括GFS (< a href = " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Forecast_System " rel = " noreferrer " >全球预测系统< / >)、南(< a href = " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Mesoscale_Model " rel = " noreferrer " >北美中尺度模式< / >)。< / p > < p >气候模型包括实验(< a href = " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Climate_System_Model " rel = " noreferrer " > < / >社区气候系统模型)和美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空研究所(< a href = " http://www.giss.nasa.gov/projects/gcm/ " rel = " noreferrer " >戈达德太空研究所< / >)模型。< / p > < p >有哪些不同类型的物理参数化,和其他属性,他们使用? < / p > //www.hoelymoley.com/questions/20/-/32 32 16 gerrit回答的主要区别是什么天气模型和气候模型? gerrit //www.hoelymoley.com/users/6 2014 - 04 - 15 - t21:03:46z 2014 - 04 - 15 - t21:03:46z < p >这个答案并不完整,但它是一个开始。< / p > < p >最重要的区别之一是:< / p > < p > < em >天气模型使用测量,而气候模型不< / em > < / p > < p >换句话说:天气模型是一个< em > < / em >初始值的问题。的初始值是必要的重要的的结果是正确的。< / p > < p >气候模型主要解决什么是< em > < / em >边值问题。初始值< em > < / em >应该不是问题。事实上,气候模型是“旋转”,这意味着,确定气候2000 - 2100,模型可能会在1950年开始运行,< em >去掉< / em >初始值。然后,相关的信息不是天气或者3月23日,2063;但是天气的统计(意思是,标准偏差,等等),在2060 - 2090(例如)。< / p > < p >如果气候模型运行1900 - 2100,< em >预计不会复制特定的气候年< / em >。这是常见的误解,可能是由气候skepticists表明气候模型不工作(例如,“< em >他们不繁殖最近缺乏重要的大气变暖!< / em >”,没有意识到< em > < / em >)并不重要。不同的分析或再分析(天气)模型,,< em > < / em >使用测量,因此< em > < / em >代表特定的天气年准确。< / p > < p >正如之前提到的,这仅仅是一个部分的答案。 There are many more important differences, but this is one of the most important ones.

//www.hoelymoley.com/questions/20/-/74 # 74 20. 凯西回答的主要区别是什么天气模型和气候模型? 凯西 //www.hoelymoley.com/users/64 2014 - 04 - 16 - t01:16:23z 2015 - 09 - 18 - t03:38:39z < p >天气和气候模型之间的主要区别有很多。在其核心谎言相同的一组基本方程,但从这里有许多差异。< / p > < p >天气模型只(熟练)预测未来10天左右,而气候模型集成在数百年的时间。这里的主要区别是在气候模型中,我们关心时< em > < / em >和< em > < / em >风暴或前面。在气候模型中,天气,但是你不要关心太多,或者什么时候天气是你正在寻找一个长期(如天气模型在乎飓风在哪里,/它将影响土地,而气候模型可能只关心飓风每年的平均数量,而不是这些风暴的细节)。< / p > < p >其他差异:< / p > < ul > <李> < p >空间/时间分辨率< / p > < p >因为气候模型运行更长的未来天气模型,它将有更多的整合步伐为同一时间。这是轻松的通过增加模型步伐,但对于数值稳定性的原因你的步伐越粗越高空间分辨率。因此,总的来说,气候模型运行在更大的时间和空间尺度上的气候模型。粗分辨率可能会迫使更多的气候模型的参数化。例如3公里的天气模型可以明确解决对流,而30公里气候模型当然不会,需要对流参数化。李李< / p > < / > < > < p >数据同化(DA) < / p > < p >天气和气候模型的使用不同。最大的区别是如何使用DA“自旋”模型的初始化时间。 For weather models, if DA is used at all, you may only have a few DA steps spaced a few hours apart before the model starts integrating into the future. For a climate model the DA period may be 100 years long before the present time is reached and forecasting begun. However:

This incorporation [of DA into climate models] occurs at a number of stages of the model development, including parametrization of sub-grid scale effects and model tuning. The process is not, however, done systematically and current practice is not thought of as "data assimilation." There seems to be a growing realization that DA will have a significant role to play in future climate model development. This is, in part, driven by the need to quantify uncertainty in the model predictions. Nevertheless, there is not a consensus as to how DA should be used in these large-scale climate models. (source: http://www.samsi.info/working-groups/data-assimilation-ipcc-level-models-climate-uq )

  • Coupled models

    Weather models may represent the ocean as a parameterized surface flux (of momentum, moisture, etc) or perhaps handle it through data assimilation. Climate models typically couple the atmosphere model to an ocean model and simulate the ocean as well. The climate models in actuality are typically suites of models that all communicate with each other. You may have a model for atmosphere, one for soil, one for ocean, one for vegetation, one for chemistry, etc. A weather model may have these features, but typically as parameterizations.

  • Spatial coverage

    Weather models vary from global models to very localized regional models, which can in some cases be very idealized. Climate models tend to be global. This doesn't change the physics involved, but can influence the specific forms of the equations. A global model will solve in spherical coordinates and many use spectral methods. Regional weather models will use Cartesian coordinates and may make other assumptions that simplify the physics for the specific purpose the model (e.g. a storm scale idealized weather model may neglect Coriolis).

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