为什么没有超酸性火成岩吗?- 江南体育网页版- - - - -地球科学堆江南电子竞技平台栈交换 最近30从www.hoelymoley.com 2023 - 07 - 07 - t17:55:09z //www.hoelymoley.com/feeds/question/20117 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/rdf //www.hoelymoley.com/q/20117 3 为什么没有超酸性火成岩吗? user272506 //www.hoelymoley.com/users/20951 2020 - 08 - 23 - t23:50:18z 2022 - 10 - 31 - t17:12:02z < p >在我的研究中,我发现在火山岩浆上升形成不同类型的岩石。有基本的、酸性和超基性。< / p > < p >我的问题是为什么没有超酸性火成岩形成? < / p > //www.hoelymoley.com/questions/20117/-/20125 # 20125 5 回答的让-玛丽•Prival为什么没有超酸性火成岩吗? 让-玛丽•Prival //www.hoelymoley.com/users/18081 2020 - 08 - 25 - t09:09:20z 2022 - 10 - 31 - t09:44:58z < p >警告:不是一个火成岩岩石学家在这里,发生了什么我更感兴趣的岩浆一旦他们达到表面比他们可能遇到的所有进程的路上……< / p > < p >话虽这么说,我认为这与岩浆的来源,是地幔,它本身就是镁铁质。因此,地幔的部分熔融产生的镁铁质岩浆。这些岩浆可以< a href = " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_differentiation " rel = " nofollow noreferrer " > < / >分化成更多的“evolved"(即。、中级或长英质的)的。但这些分化过程有局限性。你与分步结晶镁铁质矿物,Mg和Fe silica-enriched融化,离开它,但你永远不会达到100%硅熔体(毕竟镁铁质矿物仍硅酸盐,他们需要一些硅结构)。与地壳同化:大陆地壳平均只有安山(中级)(< a href = " https://doi.org/10.1038/378571a0 " rel = " nofollow noreferrer " >鲁德尼克1995 < / >),甚至与同化的长英质的(即。、花岗质)你永远不会达到100%的硅部分融化。起始物料太镁铁质。< / p > <人力资源/ > < p >更“philosophical" note, I would add that despite the absence of the term "ultrafelsic" in the literature, one could still consider some rocks as being ultrafelsic. If you look at the chemical classification of volcanic rocks (Le Maître et al. 2002), the four fields are separated like this (silica content in wt%):

  • Ultramafic: SiO$_2$ < 45
  • Mafic: 45 < SiO$_2$ < 52
  • Intermediate: 52 < SiO$_2$ < 63
  • Felsic: SiO$_2$ > 63

So everything above 63 wt% SiO$_2$ is just "felsic". But there are some rhyolites with more than 76 wt% SiO$_2$ (some of the Mono Domes for instance, see Table 2 in Bray et al. 2017)! So there is no distinction between a low-silica dacite and a high-silica rhyolite: they all are just "felsic". That doesn't mean they are not different, just that we never bothered making a fifth field. But those fields are just arbitrary, we could have split the silica spectrum into twelve fields, or just two.

//www.hoelymoley.com/questions/20117/-/20178 # 20178 5 由Gimelist回答为什么没有超酸性火成岩吗? Gimelist //www.hoelymoley.com/users/725 2020 - 09 - 08 - t00:23:43z 2022 - 10 - 31 - t17:12:02z

As mentioned in a comment to another answer, the terms "basic" and "acid" in relation to igneous rocks are outdated and stem from an incomplete understanding of rock chemistry in the past.

Better terms are "ultramafic", "mafic", "felsic", etc. As to your question - why aren't there "ultrafelsic" rocks? Let's put it into more quantitative numbers.

Felsic rocks (or acid, in the old terminology) are rocks with high SiO2 content, usually higher than 60% or 65%. Your hypothetical "ultrafelsic" rocks would then have maybe 85% or 90% SiO2.

The reason rocks like that form is because crystals with low SiO2 contents are removed from the melt, enriching the residual melt in SiO2 and push them to the "felsic" field.

At some point, the melt is sufficiently rich in SiO2 and quartz becomes a mineral that forms from the melt. Quartz is 100% SiO2, so it stops the melt from becoming richer in SiO2. If by some act of magic the melt reaches 90% SiO2, it simply crystallises more solid quartz, removing the excess SiO2 from the melt, and lowering it to more reasonable ~75%.

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