为什么是奥林匹斯山最大的火山整个太阳系?- 江南体育网页版- - - - -地球科学堆江南电子竞技平台栈交换 最近30从www.hoelymoley.com 2023 - 07 - 07 - t15:38:29z //www.hoelymoley.com/feeds/question/20242 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/rdf //www.hoelymoley.com/q/20242 26 为什么是奥林匹斯山最大的火山整个太阳系? schizoid_man //www.hoelymoley.com/users/21123 2020 - 09 - 23 - t11:05:26z 2022 - 03 - 14 - t11:10:28z < p >为什么火山中发现萨希斯蒙特斯火星赤道附近地区(其中一个是奥林匹斯山)比地球上发现大得多。相比之下,夏威夷的莫纳罗亚山,地球上最高的火山,仅比海底上升10公里。奥林匹斯山上升三倍地球最高峰珠穆朗玛峰。是什么让这些火山在火星上巨大的高度,当比较发现地球和太阳系的其他部分? < / p > //www.hoelymoley.com/questions/20242/-/20243 # 20243 50 回答的让-玛丽•Prival为什么是奥林匹斯山最大的火山整个太阳系? 让-玛丽•Prival //www.hoelymoley.com/users/18081 2020 - 09 - 23 - t12:20:12z 2022 - 03 - 14 - t11:10:28z < p >这是由于这一事实<强>火星没有板块构造。因此上面的板保持热点不动,允许岩浆上升和堆积在同一个地方< / >强了数百万年。在夏威夷热点,大洋板块移动,所以火山活动往往会随着时间的推移渐渐疏远(实际上火山活动发生在相同的地方从地幔角度视图,但是其表面表达移动板)。这就是为什么岩石的< a href = " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiian%E2%80%93Emperor_seamount_chain " rel = " nofollow noreferrer " > Hawaiian-Emperor海底山链< / >老在西部和东部的年轻。这是真的即使在夏威夷岛本身的规模,科哈拉和已经灭绝的莫纳克亚山,而火山活动<跨类= " math-container " > - < / span >美元或者说板<跨类= " math-container " > - < /跨度>已经转移到美元莫纳罗亚山,Kīlauea和爱神ʻehuakanaloa。< / p > < p >想象如果所有的岩浆组成这些岛屿把堆在同一个地方,它可以建立一个巨大的火山像奥林匹斯山!嗯…不是真的。还有另一个参数来考虑:理论限制多高的一座山可以得到,因为抗压强度的岩石在一些理论(或冰蚀)。看到这些问题:例如答案在< / p > < ul > <李> < a href = " //www.hoelymoley.com/q/9745/18081 " >山可能会多高?李李< / > < / > < > < a href = " //www.hoelymoley.com/q/5407/18081 " >为什么莫纳克亚山比地球上最大高度可能的高吗?< / > < /李> < / ul > < p >地球上~ 10公里的极限。所以即使岩浆堆积在同一个地方,结果山将开始横向扩散或崩溃。 But on Mars gravitational acceleration is lower, making the limit much higher.

//www.hoelymoley.com/questions/20242/-/20249 # 20249 9 由沃尔夫冈Bangerth回答为什么是奥林匹斯山最大的火山整个太阳系? 沃尔夫冈Bangerth //www.hoelymoley.com/users/5259 2020 - 09 - 24 - t19:46:19z 2021 - 01 - 04 - t22:11:30z < p >其他答案已经很好:没有板块构造和水蚀允许物质堆积在一个地方,然后留在原地。地球上都是这样:板块热点,移动运输建立岩石,导致岩浆找到另一个出口几英里。夏威夷也往往是一个地方,你可以看到水侵蚀发生在一个相当壮观的。< / p > < p >还有另一个原因,尽管:地球构造板块不是很厚,海洋板块,例如,只有10 - 20公里厚。他们甚至弯下腰冰盖下就像在冰河时代(或者今天在南极洲)。This process is called "isostatic adjustment", and you can think of it as the plate just sinking down into the region below that consists of a (somewhat) liquid state of rock which just moves to the side. It's a bit like when you step onto an ice floe: it just sinks down a bit. If this already happens with an ice sheet 1000 meters thick, imagine what would happen if you piled 30 km of rocks on top of a plate: it would just keep sinking down. In essence, every time you'd erupt some more lava and put it on top, the plate along with the base of the mountain would sink down a bit further. Mountains don't tend to build up very high in this process.

Why is this not happening on Mars? Because Mars is relatively small, and its interior has long cooled down to a degree where the crust (the solid part of the earth that on Earth consists of the tectonic plates) is vastly thicker: Many 100s of km thick, possibly all the way down to the core-mantle boundary. A result of this is that they can support vastly larger loads without crumbling or sinking into the more liquid layer beneath. As a result, they crust on Mars can support mountains that the plates on Earth could not.

//www.hoelymoley.com/questions/20242/-/20652 # 20652 0 回答LazyReader为什么是奥林匹斯山最大的火山整个太阳系? LazyReader //www.hoelymoley.com/users/21028 2021 - 01 - 06 - t04:27:09z 2021 - 01 - 06 - t04:27:09z < p >,因为火星地球质量低劣,重力减少意味着oregeny(造山)是在火星上更容易。1/3的重力,岩石不拖累自己的质量。这使得大量累积的庞大山脉。也是地球上的山脉被自然力量慢慢侵蚀,即冷冻水和雨,两个因素,并不适用于火星了。虽然风大大快,火星上的空气压力太低,风蚀远是个问题。另一个因素影响生物活性........侵蚀这并不是一个问题在火星上可能数十亿年。< / p >
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