关于“轻重”是否有一致意见?下雨吗?和降水概率与预测降雨量的关系使我想起了我的一个gedankenexperiment。我喜欢想象一个基于Arduino或Raspberry pi的家庭项目天气监视器，让我知道外面的降水情况。

The state of The art"对于电子爱好者来说是指交叉电极传感器，这是因为它很容易作为印刷电路板大规模廉价生产，而不是因为它是个好主意。

来源:>最后一分钟工程师雨水传感器如何工作，并与Arduino接口

该电阻与水量成反比:

• 表面上的水越多意味着更好的导电性，将导致更低的电阻。
• 表面水分越少，电导率越低，电阻越大。

传感器根据电阻产生输出电压，通过测量可以判断是否下雨。

地球科学家，业余爱好者和专业人士都会扯掉他们的头发，因为1)水坑可能会告诉你是否下雨了，但不能告诉你是否下雨了和2)雨水的导电性变化很大，所以导电性不会直接与覆盖的数量或面积相关。

问题:有什么方法可以让“雨下得有多大?”个人使用的探测器?我在想激光笔，光电二极管，防雨PiCamera模块，麦克风，液位传感器，但天空是极限。 What needs to be addressed is how "rained on" I'm going to feel when I go outside, and a static puddle detector is not going to do that very well.

读到这个问题，我的第一个想法是，请定义一下“雨下得有多大?”是什么意思。

我最初的想法是“雨的冲击能量怎么样”;-有大雨。任何听过雨水落在金属或聚碳酸酯屋顶上的人都知道小雨和大雨产生的噪音的区别。雨的冲击能量由雨滴的大小、下落的长度和特定地区雨滴的密度决定。一些研究者已经调查了的潜力收获雨水的动能。其他人甚至研究了雨滴产生的声压及其对土壤侵蚀的潜在影响。

回到你提议的电子雨强装置。我认为“阻力板”;传感器类型可能使用了错误的传感器类型。我发现这种传感器的一个问题是，一旦它完全或大部分被水淹没，当额外的雨滴不影响淹没水平，从而不影响传感器产生的电阻时，如何确定降雨强度?一个数字加速度计或压力传感器连接到一个系统，可以记录冲击压力和冲击时间将是一个更好的系统。一个简单的模拟装置是将一个麦克风放在一块金属片的下面，并将麦克风的输出连接到一个声音计-声音越大，雨越大。

Using a horizontal laser beam with a light receptor or a doorway beam, as used in shops or restaurants, etc., could also be used where the rain intensity would interfere with the amount of light received by the light sensor. One of the situations where such a device would not work would be during fog.

如果你愿意接受一个更机械的解决方案，我建议建造一个“倾倒桶式雨量计”，最好用一张图片来解释(来源:https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Sideview-of-tipping-bucket-Rain-Gauge_fig4_304297354):

这应该是相对容易构建的，通过检测倾倒所需的时间来电子阅读这是微不足道的。似乎这也是“真实”的方式;气象站测量降雨量。这就是这种专业单位的样子:https://www.hyquestsolutions.de/products/hardware/meteorology/model-tb3-tipping-bucket-rain-gauge-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

传感器由电池供电。他们通过低功耗蓝牙将数据传输到院子里的几个WiFi控制节点。来自控制节点的数据被收集到树莓派的数据库中。除了来自传感器的标准数据(土壤湿度、温度、照明、土壤电导率和传感器的电池状态)外，控制节点还报告在从每个传感器读取数据时必须进行多少次尝试。

我使用了&;数据分配传感器到控制节点，以减少读尝试。这使得数据收集更加可靠，也减少了传感器中CR2032硬币单元的功率。我在回顾几个月的数据时发现，当开始下雨时，读取尝试会在土壤湿度读数之前上升。

雨水使蓝牙信号衰减到足以损坏数据包。下雨时读取传感器可能需要多次尝试，即使在不下雨时，每次第一次尝试都能完美地读取相同的传感器。我可以添加更多的传感器，放置在远离控制节点的地方，然后将轮询时间从一小时缩短到每几分钟一次。只要稍加数据处理，我就可以在网上“下雨”了。 page telling me how hard it is raining - or I could look out the window before I go outside.

This is what a typical "rainy day" looks like:

Not raining:

The soil moisture distribution is shown in the upper section. The lower section shows the read try count. Black is the normal "read on the first try" color.

Rain has just started:

The read count has gone up on nearly all the sensors, but there hasn't been enough rain to make a difference in the soil moisture.

Raining harder:

The soil moisture has gone up, and the read tries have gone up even more, indicating hard(er) rain.

Rain has stopped:

The soil moisture has gone up quite a bit compared to before the rain started. The read tries count has dropped back down to one for all sensors.

This kind of setup would be massive over kill just to tell if it is raining, but it is a nifty side effect of the setup if you already have it in place for other reasons.

I could use the received signal strength indication (RSSI) value, but I didn't write that function into the control node software. The Bluetooth library can probably supply the data, I just don't have the control nodes programmed to do it. Maybe I ought to change it...

As an alternative, you could use a WiFi sniffer to collect data about WiFi base stations around your house or appartment. I know from experience with my own phone that I can detect fewer of my neighbors' WiFi base stations on rainy days.

The data normally includes a received signal strength indication (RSSI.) Lower (more negative) numbers means a weaker signal.

Track the data for all the WiFi base stations your sniffer can receive then apply some data processing and maybe some machine learning, and you could get a "how hard is it raining" indicator without installing any hardware outside your house.

代尔夫特大学为音频测距仪提供了一个指导表，尽管他们的版本缺乏定量测量所需的信号处理。这两种方法都可能需要使用倾倒桶雨量计来校准强度(可能还需要一个软管来模拟降雨!)

这个传感器是随机选择的，不应该考虑我特别认可的东西。