异同熔岩流和河流地貌学(河流)-地球科学堆栈交换江南电子竞技平台江南体育网页版 最近30从www.hoelymoley.com 2023 - 04 - 17 - t16:09:39z //www.hoelymoley.com/feeds/question/22853 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/rdf //www.hoelymoley.com/q/22853 8 异同熔岩流和河流地貌学(河流) thehungrygraduate //www.hoelymoley.com/users/23131 2021 - 09 - 21 - t04:40:03z 2021 - 09 - 22 - t16:54:32z < p >活跃的熔岩流类似于河流地貌学怎么样?你可以搜索youtube为这些戏剧性的熔岩流的视频,他们都似乎看起来非常类似于小溪或河流。我知道的主要区别是有时层流与紊流的水。有什么文学比较流模型熔岩流吗? < / p > //www.hoelymoley.com/questions/22853/-/22854 # 22854 9 答案由灰熔岩流之间的异同和河流地貌学(河流) //www.hoelymoley.com/users/10735 2021 - 09 - 21 - t07:03:47z 2021 - 09 - 21 - t07:03:47z < p >相似之处几乎结束,水和熔岩流速降寻求尽可能低的水平。即使是最< a href = " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonatite " rel = " noreferrer " >液体熔岩< / >流比水有点慢,因为他们更高的密度和< a href = " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity " rel = " noreferrer " > < / >,粘度降低速度,特别是他们的粘度使他们更少的侵蚀地形他们流/。事实上熔岩通常结冰表面接触的渠道把熔岩表面上得到越来越浅,他们建立的边缘流冻结和他们慢慢提高地面流动,而不是削弱它。熔岩流看起来更像< a href = " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_delta " rel = " noreferrer " >河流三角洲比< / > < a href = " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_basin " rel = " noreferrer " >水系流域< / >但沉积的机制是不同的。越接近模型可能是< a href = " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debris_flow " rel = " noreferrer " >泥石流< / >和< a href = " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_fan " rel = " noreferrer " >冲积扇< / >他们创造而是耗尽的斜率和饱和度和沉淀的负载材料熔岩流耗尽<强> < / >强热。< / p > < p >之间可能存在的比较点在一条河的中游河流过程系统和熔岩管但研究的熔岩管非常参差不齐,他们不是地球上最方便的地方。< / p > < p >我知道很多文献关于< em > < / em >熔岩流和河流之间的交互系统但不比较研究,也许别人可以帮助。< / p > //www.hoelymoley.com/questions/22853/-/22861 # 22861 4 回答的让-玛丽•Prival异同熔岩流和河流地貌学(河流) 让-玛丽•Prival //www.hoelymoley.com/users/18081 2021 - 09 - 22 - t16:54:32z 2021 - 09 - 22 - t16:54:32z < p >在流变学方面,有一个关键区别水和岩浆:水是牛顿流体,熔岩不是。在早期火山学,一直试图模型熔岩牛顿流体(< a href = " https://doi.org/10.1086/624778 " rel = " nofollow noreferrer " >尼科尔斯,1939 < / >)。这种方法在某些情况下可能是一个好的近似(液体熔岩,像pāhoehoe流),但不适合更多的粘性熔岩('ā和块流,看到< a href = " https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445 - 016 - 1075 - 7”rel = " nofollow noreferrer " >哈里斯et al。(2017) < / >回顾这些类别)。< / p > < p > < a href = " https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365 - 246 x.1974.tb05460.x”rel = " nofollow noreferrer " >休姆(1974)< / >是第一个模型熔岩< a href = " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bingham_plastic " rel = " nofollow noreferrer " >宾汉塑性< / >。在宾厄姆流变学,剪切速率仍然尺度线性剪切应力(如在牛顿流变学),但是你需要达到最少的压力(“收益率stress")在流程开始之前。这流变学解释了一些关键差异流动形态而言,如上所述,休姆:< / p > < blockquote > < p >如果熔岩理想牛顿液体会流下坡和将继续流即使发泄的供应已经停止,直到面对经济萧条。此外横向流蔓延直到受地形限制或者直到表面张力阻止传播的时间是极薄。观测表明,岩浆并不会这样做。通常它就停在斜坡的供应新鲜的熔岩停止和许多流方面虽然无侧限高陡地形特征。很明显,有一些过程限制了熔岩的流动,让它停在斜坡上,防止横向扩散。< / p > < /引用> < p >近年来,进展模型熔岩多相流体:熔岩的确是一个悬挂的泡沫和/或在硅酸盐熔体晶体,这些粒子在熔岩流变学中发挥作用。 Finally, there is the case of silica-rich flows (dacite and rhyolite flows), which have very high viscosities ($10^8-10^{12}$ Pa s, compared to $10^3-10^6$ Pa s for basalts). These flows are so viscous that they advance very slowly (typically 1-100 meters per day). Hence their flow dynamics are very different from that of water. Unless you consider solid water: there are some similarities between these lava flows and the flow of glaciers, like the presence of ogives for instance (Thorarinsson, 1953).


References

Nichols (1939) Viscosity of Lava

Thorarinsson (1953) Ogives in Lava Streams

Hulme (1974) The Interpretation of Lava Flow Morphology

Harris et al. (2017) Pāhoehoe, ‘a‘ā, and block lava: an illustrated history of the nomenclature

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