Are all minerals involved in "replacement" a stone/iron material, or are other materials ever involved in this process?
Thank you.
A few quick definitions.
Stone is any solid composed of nonliving material with a fairly well defined chemical composition, stone is one of the broadest definitions in science.
There is a free textbook on paleontology online, that should be a good spot to get started.
Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record, Michael J Benton and David A. T. Harper, Wiley-Blackwell.