< p >有许多地下温度测量。冻土是一个实例,地下温度的监测监控已有多年。在欧洲有许多水井达到约100米地下测量温度。一个项目叫做永久冻土和气候在欧洲(速度)建立了一个网络钻孔监测地面气温的斯瓦尔巴特群岛西班牙(哈里斯et al . 2009年)。Tarfala结果从一个水井,瑞典,(67.9098°N, 18.6101°E)表明气候变暖趋势的上层部分钻孔建立以来在2000年(柏林中心,没有年)。< / p > < p > < a href = " https://i.stack.imgur.com/EgE2k.png " rel = " nofollow noreferrer " > < img src = " https://i.stack.imgur.com/EgE2k.png " alt = "在这里输入图像描述" / > < / > < / p > < p >上部面板图中显示了空气温度(摄氏度)在钻孔速度1650 a.s.l。(红色)以及月平均温度Tarfala研究站(1130 m a.s.l。;蓝色)在瑞典北部山区。再次低三个图表显示温度(摄氏度)的深度25日30和40 m在地面以下。我们可以看到变暖发生在深度。在这个特殊的钻孔的季节性影响夏季和冬季达到约20米地下水平因此提出了曲线显示了地面温度的长期趋势。 There are some spurious deviations likely caused by water leaking into the bore hole and refreezing causing momentary increases in temperature due to the release of heat as the phase change from liquid to solid occurs. The extrapolated depth of the transition from negative (permafrost) to positive temperature is about 300 m below the ground at this site.
References
Bolin Centre for Climate Research: Tarfala Data, Permafrost. (Data base) https://bolin.su.se/data/tarfala/permafrost.php
Harris et al 2009. Permafrost and climate in Europe: Monitoring and modelling thermal, geomorphological and geotechnical responses. Earth-Science Reviews. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825208001311