我们都知道氧气含量会随着温度的升高和降低，所以我认为假设大气压力也会变化是安全的…由于花岗岩和玄武岩是由热、压和物质冷却形成的。如果大气压力和环境温度不同，有没有可能让花岗岩表现得像粘土一样?会不会有截然不同的条件使花岗岩冷却得如此缓慢以至于可以被塑造?< / p >
是的，但不是直接的。花岗岩形成于地球深处，所以它们并不真正关心它们上方氧气或大气压力的微小差异。不管它们的压强是1000atm还是1001 atm，它们都是一样的。然而，花岗岩是由熔融的岩浆结晶而成的。要制造熔化的岩浆，你需要取一些最初是固体的东西，然后加热它。通常情况下，这些熔融形成岩浆的东西最终成为花岗岩，曾经在地球表面，然后由于某种原因(通常是构造板块的运动)被埋在深处。
这些“东西”;是沉积岩。如果这些沉积岩是在大气中含有大量氧气的时候形成的(比如过去6亿年左右)，那么岩浆就会被氧化。如果时间较早，它们可能会被还原(与氧化相反)。< / p >
Whether a magma is oxidised or not will affect how the granite looks like. Oxidised granites are often a pink because the iron they contain is "rusty". Non-oxidised granites will be whiter or grey. This tells us a bit about Earth history and past atmospheric conditions.
Everything I said for granites is also relevant for basalts (and their deep equivalent, called "gabbro"). For example, oxidised basalts might have a mineral called "magnetite" which is magnetic. But this is at depth. As for basalt lava flows on the surface, the effect of the atmosphere is negligible and don't expect much to happen.
As a lump of intact "fresh" rock beneath the Earth's surface or as a similar lump of rock on the Earth's surface, the answer is no. However, in ancient terrains which have undergone little if any volcanic renewal the surface and near surface geology undergoes a process called weathering. This is a slow process that, over time, can decompose rock and in doing so, in some environment basalt and granite can transform into clay.
Regarding the effect of different atmospheric conditions influencing the behavior of basalt or granite, the answer again would be no. Large expanses of basalt have been found on both the Moon and Mars. The Moon has effectively no atmosphere and no moisture, whereas Mars has a weak atmosphere, currently very little moisture, but may have had more previously. The basalt found on the Moon and Mars are very similar to basalt found on Earth.