科里奥利效应与旋风-地球科学堆栈交换江南电子竞技平台江南体育网页版 最近30个来自www.hoelymoley.com 2023 - 03 - 31 - t12:46:17z //www.hoelymoley.com/feeds/question/370 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/rdf //www.hoelymoley.com/q/370 17 科里奥利效应和气旋 Kenshin //www.hoelymoley.com/users/51 2014 - 04 - 20 - t01:45:40z 2023 - 03 - 29 - t05:51:39z 科里奥利力预测,北半球的风应该以顺时针方向偏转,南半球的风应该以逆时针方向偏转。然而,为什么在气旋的情况下,气旋在北半球逆时针旋转,在南半球顺时针旋转?< / p > //www.hoelymoley.com/questions/370/-/372#372 19 由Torbjørn T.回答科里奥利效应和旋风 Torbjørn T。 //www.hoelymoley.com/users/129 2014 - 04 - 20 - t07:13:49z 2014 - 04 - 25 - t05:54:34z 不要认为科里奥利力是顺时针/逆时针偏转的运动,而是向右(NH)或向左(SH),当观察运动的方向时。

所以这有点像'根据定义'旋风是一个的压力系统,空气将从高压位置向低压位置移动。科里奥利力将使北半球的空气向右偏转,形成围绕低压的逆时针运动。在高压系统周围,运动方向相反,是反气旋的。< / p >

A very simple sketch, with a low pressure in the centre, and higher pressure around it:

enter image description here


Another way of looking at this is through the equation for geostrophic motion. The wind around a cyclone is (nearly) geostrophic, so the equation of motion can be simplified to

$$ f\mathbf{k}\times\mathbf{v} = -\frac{1}{\rho}\nabla p $$

where $f$ is the Coriolis parameter, $\mathbf{k}$ is the vertical unit vector, $\mathbf{v}$ is the wind speed vector, $\rho$ is density and $\nabla p$ is the pressure gradient.

So, looking at a sketch of a low pressure system on the northern hemisphere, the pressure gradient force will look like

enter image description here

The gradient itself goes from low to high pressure, but the force has the opposite direction. To achieve a balance between this and the Coriolis term, we need this situation:

enter image description here

(Note the negative sign for the Coriolis term here. In the above equation we have equality, so with the negative sign the direction is opposite that of the pressure gradient force.)

As $f$ is positive on the northern hemisphere, when we use the right-hand rule for cross-products, this means that $\mathbf{v}$ must be directed as

enter image description here

i.e., giving a counter-clockwise motion around the low pressure.

//www.hoelymoley.com/questions/370/-/373#373 14 关于科里奥利效应和气旋,由半日西蒙回答 半日西蒙 //www.hoelymoley.com/users/39 2014 - 04 - 20 - t07:15:23z 2014 - 04 - 21 - t13:10:06z 稍微纠正一下你的措辞:科里奥利力使北半球的气流向右转。这不是相当与“顺时针模式”相同,这将在片刻变得明显。

旋风的核心气压低,外部气压高。因此,风是由外向内流动的。< / p >

When we think of a cyclone, we think of a fully-formed one that has a spiral pattern. If one sets out to draw a spiral from the outside in, and bears in mind northern-hemisphere Coriolis, one curves it to the right and ends up with a clockwise spiral, which is wrong:

enter image description here

However, a cyclone doesn't start out this way. Instead, think of a low pressure area inside a higher pressure area, so that the wind is blowing towards the centre from all directions. Draw a number of radial lines to show this... and then curve each of those to the right:

enter image description here

Note that the resulting circular motion (blue arrows) is counter-clockwise.

Now, AIUI a cyclone doesn't quite start out that way either, but I hope that this simplified approach explains how the "wrong" direction of rotation could be produced.

//www.hoelymoley.com/questions/370/-/25048#25048 0 Peter R. McMahon关于科里奥利效应和气旋的回答 彼得·r·麦克马洪 //www.hoelymoley.com/users/28401 2023 - 03 - 21 - t05:51:14z 2023 - 03 - 29 - t05:51:39z 当地球旋转时,当空气从两极附近向赤道移动时,地球那部分的半径就会变大,这意味着,地面移动得更快,而空气滞后。当空气从赤道附近向两极移动时,它会移动到半径更小、地面速度更低的地方,因此空气向前移动,导致南半球的气旋旋转为CW,北半球的气旋旋转为ACW。科里奥利效应不会影响来自东方或西方的空气的方向,但它会被漩涡偏转,然后帮助推动它。(任何接近一个共同点的流体,比如高温干旱,或者排水孔,都会倾向于形成一个漩涡,但如果漩涡足够大,科里奥利效应将决定哪个方向)。由于空气旋转产生的离心力,所有气旋的内部压力都较低,离心力使其像龙卷风一样旋转,但不那么集中,尽管达尔文的人们可能不同意1974年平安夜的特雷西飓风。这地方看起来就像原子弹爆炸后的广岛。< / p >

Incidentally, the Coriolis Effect is not a force. The air is just continuing roughly in a straight line like it was (ignoring ground friction, which slowly deflects it the other way), but the ground speed is different in different places, so, from the ground, it appears deflected until it gets into a vortex, where it actually is.

enter image description here

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