It was only after an additional half a decade of bitter trial and error (and a new generation of better educated farmers) that things changed. By the mid 1930s, it was a relatively new technique called contour farming, which consisted of using motor vehicles to plow horizontally around hills instead of vertically, that saved the day. Also, farmers started planting trees as "windbreaks" in strategic locations.
IMHO, it could happen again, probably in a developing country like China, which is trying to "catch up" to the United States, and has been prone to adopting our bad habits of an earlier era.
Bottom line, the Dust Bowl was (largely) a man-made, not a natural phenomenon. And the operative principle was attributed to Confucius:
"Men are the same everywhere. Only their habits are different."
Other conditions at the time included:
a high-pressure system in winter sat over the west coast of the United States and turned away wet weather— a pattern similar to that which occurred in the winter of 2013-14. Second, the spring of 1934 saw dust storms, caused by poor land management practices, suppress rainfall.