核测试和人类世,chemostratigraphic链接?- 江南体育网页版- - - - -地球科学堆江南电子竞技平台栈交换 最近30从www.hoelymoley.com 2023 - 08 - 31 - t22:59:50z //www.hoelymoley.com/feeds/question/4276 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/rdf //www.hoelymoley.com/q/4276 12 核测试和人类世,chemostratigraphic链接? user889 //www.hoelymoley.com/users/0 2015 - 01 - 16 t06:05:07z 2015 - 01 - 16 t20:21:42z < p >描述的人类世是< a href = " http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropocene " >维基百科< / >,< / p > < blockquote > < p >一个非正式的地质时间的提议时代始于人类活动对地球的影响重大的全球生态系统< / p > < /引用> < p >由于其非正式的性质,而不是广泛接受,有经常争论信徒当人类世应该已经开始。< em >注意:这不是一个关于这个问题的辩论。< / em > < / p > < p >一个工作组最近建议的文章< A href = " http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618214009136 " >人类世是什么时候开始的?20世纪中叶的边界水平层段最优< / > (Zalasiewicz et al . 2015年)采取了不同的方法,观察chemostratigraphic记录人类活动的影响,表明人类世时代应该开始在核时代的开始。< / p > < p >从文章的文摘:< / p > < blockquote > < p >我们在这里提出一个适当的边界水平是世界上第一个原子弹爆炸的时间,1945年7月16日在新墨西哥州阿拉莫戈多,新墨西哥;额外的炸弹被引爆的平均利率和服务员每9.6天到1988年世界范围内影响很容易识别chemostratigraphic记录。因此,人类世存款将那些可能包括全球分布的主要人工放射性核素的信号,同时也被公认的使用范围广泛的其他地层标准。< / p > < /引用> < p >这个问题不是< em > < / em >合法性的这样一个时代,但看着重点工作小组的发现放射性核素从核试验可能有一个可衡量的印记chemostratigraphic记录。< / p > < p > < >强有任何全球相关的人工放射性核素在最近chemstratigraphic记录来证明这是一个可能的Holocene-Anthropocene边界? < /强> < / p > //www.hoelymoley.com/questions/4276/-/4277 # 4277 5 回答通过plannapus核试验和人类世,chemostratigraphic链接吗? plannapus //www.hoelymoley.com/users/87 2015 - 01 - 16 t08:36:42z 2015 - 01 - 16 t13:39:53z < p >上的章世(<强> Zalasiewicz et al ., 2012 < /强>)的“地质时间尺度2012”引用3论文使用人工radionucleotides地层标记:<强> < a href = " http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2f1 - 4020 - 2146 - 1 - _6”rel =“nofollow”> Schwikowski (2004) < / >, < a href = " http://link.springer.com/article/10.1672%2f0277 - 5212% - 282004% - 29024% - 5 - b0324%3adrpd%5d2.0.co%3b2”rel =“nofollow”>基et al .(2004) < / > < /强>和<强> < a href = " http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033589407000890 " rel =“nofollow”>马歇尔et al。(2007) < / > < /强>。< / p > < p >第一个(<强> < a href = " http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2f1 - 4020 - 2146 - 1 - _6”rel =“nofollow”> Schwikowski, 2004 < / > < /强>)的上下文中使用约会从高山冰川冰芯,第二个(<强> < a href = " http://link.springer.com/article/10.1672%2f0277 - 5212% - 282004% - 29024% - 5 - b0324%3adrpd%5d2.0.co%3b2”rel =“nofollow”>基et al ., 2004 < / > < /强>)日期为泥炭沉积使用各种方法包括“从切尔诺贝利事故影响同位素和核武器测试”。< / p > < p >不幸的是我没有访问这两个文件,因此无法进入细节。< / p > < p >最后一个(<强> < a href = " http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033589407000890 " rel =“nofollow”>马歇尔et al ., 2007 < / > < /强>)用于日期从英国盐沼。They used specifically 137Cs and 241Am (both, according to them, can be however affected by industrial discharge from nuclear powerplant), but also more interestingly a 14C "bomb spike", following Goodsite et al. (2001). Indeed 14C records shows a substantial increase from 1950 to 1963 (USA and USSR both stopped atmospheric nuclear weapons testing in december 1962), followed by a steady decline toward nowadays values. Goodsite et al. (2001) reports that the 14C can be used for dating at least in all the Northern hemisphere.

14C bomb pulse dating seems to be since then a rather popular method in forensics as well judging by a quick google search.

//www.hoelymoley.com/questions/4276/-/4278 # 4278 6 回答通过haresfur核试验和人类世,chemostratigraphic链接吗? haresfur //www.hoelymoley.com/users/1242 2015 - 01 - 16 t10:39:41z 2015 - 01 - 16 t13:37:47z < p >某些人为放射性核素有务实的优势为人类世的开始标记。放射性核素的优势在人为稳定核素的原始生产一些放射性核素衰变了。因此自然背景水平低于敏感的检测分析方法除了在一些局部的情况下(如前寒武纪自然反应堆)。即使是自然发生的放射性核素也可能是有用的,如果人为信号远远大于自然水平。< / p > < p >放射性核素地层标志的一个重要特征是,它有一个足够长的半衰期,人为材料仍然是沉积物中。< / p > < p >地层标志的其他重要特性是它不是重新分配明显与沉积物环境和保持合适的年龄。出于这个原因,<一口> 137 < /一口> Cs和钚同位素很有价值,因为他们有低溶解度/强烈吸附在沉积物和被大气核试验分布广泛。然而,这并不意味着放射性核素不会重新分配。放射性核素可以重新分配水,风,或大规模浪费。胶体运输可以移动粒子即使在饱和地下水和包气带。 In fact, levels of atmospheric fallout plutonium have been used to interpret the redistribution of other contaminants.

Even with very low solubility there can be some dissolved transport into earlier or later sediments. For example, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute has determined that plutonium mobility may be affected by oxidation state and that more mobile 244Cm can be transported before it decays to 240Pu.

Thus, anthropogenic radionuclides, particularly those of long half life and low solubility that were produced during atmospheric testing, have properties that make for pretty good stratigraphic markers. But the limitations should be kept in mind.

An additional problem is in defining the 'start' of the anthropocene as fitting your marker rather than the other way around. Certainly, people have had had geologic and ecological impacts before 1945. There are indications that aboriginal burning regimes over 20,000 years caused nutrient export with effects that can be seen in current groundwater chemistry.

//www.hoelymoley.com/questions/4276/-/4283 # 4283 6 回答通过marsisalie核试验和人类世,chemostratigraphic链接吗? marsisalie //www.hoelymoley.com/users/1411 2015 - 01 - 16 t20:21:42z 2015 - 01 - 16 t20:21:42z < p >显然我会尽量回答你的问题一个人工放射性核素生产/扩散导致的人类活动,没有进入的讨论决定是否这是地质年代有关。< / p > < p >我想点图1的< a href = " http://www.irsn.fr/EN/Research/publications-documentation/radionuclides-sheets/environment/Pages/Tritium-environment.aspx " > < / >纸标明平均氚(<一口> 3 < /一口> H)水平在1945年至2008年间在北半球。1945年之前的背景水平很低,现在再次接近前40的水平,氚一半生活只是~ 12.5 y。每个峰值与核弹爆炸。文章< / p > < p > < / p > < p > < a href = " http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/395/1/255.full.pdf + html " >沃尔夫,e . w . (2014)。“冰原和人类世。”Geological Society, London, Special Publications 395(1): 255-263.

have a explicit figure on the matter as well (Figure 1) showing a similar peak during the 1900's for measurement of beta radioactivity measurements in ice cores. Human made nuclear device explosions are a clear marker in this case. I assume this is only one case among many, as other posters in this thread pointed out.

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