< p > < >强地震,但是……< /强> < / p > < p >有很多估计小波的方法。没有人仅仅依靠测井,因为他们不包含任何关于小波的信息。一些纯粹是统计方法,使用地震数据,其中一些使用地震和测井。< / p > < h3 > < / h3 > < p >背景我推荐阅读你可以什么小波提取。尤其是这些(< a href = " http://subsurfwiki.org/wiki/Must-read_geophysics解释" >看到这些链接< / >):< / p > < ul > <李>布朗(2001)。调整自己到你的数据!一个至关重要的第一步解释。< em > < / em > 49物探方法、p 729 - 733。李李< / > < >登,R和H赛普维达(1999)。阶段的意义翻译:实用指南相分析。< em >前缘< / em > 18岁,1999年7月,页774 - 777。 Simm, R and R White (2002), Tutorial: Phase, polarity and the interpreter's wavelet. First Break 20 (5), p 277–281. White R, and R Simm (2003). Tutorial: Good practice in well ties. First Break 21 (10), p 75–83. Workflow
My approach, for what it's worth, is as follows:
- Establish that your seismic data are zero phase. See this wiki article and this tutorial.
- Tie your wells with a purely statistical zero-phase wavelet until you know better. A Ricker is fine for most impulsive data. Don't bother with autocorrelation. Don't bother with mixed-phase. Once you've found the best one, don't change it from well to well.
- Take your best well ties (maybe the best 10 or 20 percent), and check them.
- Try extracting zero-phase wavelets from your best data, preferably near angle stack, and unfiltered (e.g. by fk, which processors love) — you don't want any spectral shaping nonsense. Only use the zone of interest, but at least about 1000 ms of data. Avoid the near surface.
- Average all the wavelets you got and tie all your wells with this wavelet. The ties should improve in most cases.
Note: Step 4 usually involves estimating the wavelet from the seismic data, using the reflectivity from the wells. It's basically the reverse of making a synthetic: seismic / reflectivity = wavelet, where / denotes deconvolution.
Caveat interpretor
I would complete the workflow for each seismic survey (e.g. a 3D, or all lines in a 2D). Your goal is to use a single wavelet for each survey. This goal reflects the assumptions in this workflow:
- The reflectivity is random.
- The wavelet is zero-phase or minimum-phase.
- The wavelet is stationary (invariant in space and time).
None of these assumptions hold (Ziolkowski, 1991; Why don’t we measure seismic signatures? Geophysics 56, 190–201; see also this thesis). This is what makes it fun! Your job is to cope with this without breaking the laws of physics or what we know about geology.