如何衡量海洋垂直速度?- 江南体育网页版- - - - -地球科学堆江南电子竞技平台栈交换 最近30从www.hoelymoley.com 2023 - 07 - 10 - t01:35:53z //www.hoelymoley.com/feeds/question/6612 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/rdf //www.hoelymoley.com/q/6612 10 如何衡量海洋垂直速度? arkaia //www.hoelymoley.com/users/111 2015 - 09 - 28 - t15:32:17z 2015 - 10 - 01 - t17:39:07z < p >水平速度在海洋相对容易衡量,什么方法可以测量垂直速度?有一些间接方法来估计垂直速度从观察? < / p > //www.hoelymoley.com/questions/6612/-/6614 # 6614 0 Neo回答的如何衡量海洋垂直速度? Neo //www.hoelymoley.com/users/32 2015 - 09 - 28 - t17:35:32z 2015 - 09 - 29 - t18:57:48z < p > non-oceanographer,我可能从连续性的角度的方法。在每个方向通量之和必须等于0(质量守恒,基本上)。所以你可能会有一些测量在x和y方向上,至少可以给你一个估计的垂直速度给定的水柱,假设均匀横向和垂直的构图。你不得不做出的假设有更多,比如什么是合理的水柱尺寸,我无法得知。< / p > < p >,我不会使用这个在一篇科学论文,我敢打赌,那将是一个足够好的初始计算,看看一些问题值得做一个更精确的方法。< / p > < p >只是一个想法…肯定不是一个明确的答案。< / p > //www.hoelymoley.com/questions/6612/-/6630 # 6630 7 由arkaia回答如何衡量海洋垂直速度? arkaia //www.hoelymoley.com/users/111 2015 - 10 - 01 - t17:39:07z 2015 - 10 - 01 - t17:39:07z < p >直接测量的三维洋流进行声学多普勒目前profiler (< a href = " http://www.whoi.edu/instruments/viewInstrument.do?id = 819 noreferrer“rel = > adcp < / >)。adcp通常停泊和底部安装而不是舰载或连接到一个浮动的系泊最小化与垂直运动相关的垂直位移引起的海洋表面波。< / p >

The ADCP does not measure horizontal or vertical velocities at a point but determines Doppler shifts along three to five acoustic beams that are typically slanted (most commonly 60°) from the horizontal plane and spaced around the horizontal compass. The most typical configuration (Janus) includes four orthogonal beans. The Doppler shifts measure slant velocities of suspended acoustic backscattering particles moving with the water relative to the instrument. Pairs of slant velocities are combined to produce vertical and horizontal velocities. The underlying assumption is that velocities are horizontally uniform over the beam separation. Other instruments (e.g., Teledyne Sentinel V ADCP) have an integrated fifth beam to provide a third vertical velocity measurement.

ADCP

Indirect estimates of vertical velocities can be obtain in several ways. The most common approach is to take advantage of the principle of conservation of mass (continuity equation, as described in the answer by Neo). $$ \dfrac{\partial w}{\partial z} = -\dfrac{\partial u}{\partial x}-\dfrac{\partial v}{\partial y} $$ where $w$ is the vertical velocity. Assuming $w=0$ at the bottom, then measuring the horizontal velocities throughout the water column will give you an estimate of the vertical velocity. This method, while useful, tend to produce really noisy results as the vertical velocities in the ocean tend to be quite small and are masked by the noise in the horizontal measurements.

A completely different approach was recently introduced by Klein et al. (2009). It uses the surface Quasi-Geostrophic approximation to estimate low-frequency vertical velocities in scales between 20 km and 400 km from the surface down to 500 m. The needed data is some high-resolution Sea Surface Height (SSH, usually from satellites) and an approximation of the large-scale vertical stratification. Vertical velocities are estimated from the buoyancy equations at the surface and at depth in a modified version of the Omega equation (Hoskins et al., 1985).

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