为什么在赤道对流层8公里高于波兰人吗?- 江南体育网页版- - - - -地球科学堆江南电子竞技平台栈交换 最近30从www.hoelymoley.com 2023 - 07 - 10 - t12:37:39z //www.hoelymoley.com/feeds/question/668 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/rdf //www.hoelymoley.com/q/668 18 为什么在赤道对流层8公里高于波兰人吗? 错误 //www.hoelymoley.com/users/284 2014 - 05 - 01 - t05:36:30z 2019 - 04 - 18 - t11:22:04z < p >大气建模原理表明,对流层顶的高度取决于位置,尤其是纬度,对流层高约8公里的赤道比两极根据一年的时间。< / p > < p >的第一个猜测是,将影响其密度的温度(举例来说,这里的< a href = " https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?的数据i = % 20空气密度在% 20 - 50% % 20——c2%b0 % 20 c noreferrer“rel = > -50°< / >和< a href = " https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?我=空气% 20密度2050% % % 20 c2%b0 % 20 c noreferrer“rel = > 50°c < / >)——尽管这并不显示的原因为什么对流层8公里在赤道高于两极。< / p > < p > < >强为什么对流层8公里在赤道高于波兰人吗?< /强> < / p > < p > < img src = " https://i.stack.imgur.com/XTu3M.gif " alt = "在这里输入图像描述" > < / p > //www.hoelymoley.com/questions/668/why-is-the-troposphere-8km-higher-at-the-equator-than-the-poles/681 # 681 7 由kaberett回答为什么对流层8公里在赤道高于波兰人吗? kaberett //www.hoelymoley.com/users/105 2014 - 05 - 01 - t13:49:09z 2014 - 05 - 01 - t13:49:09z < p >从定义开始,对流层顶之间的边界是对流层和平流层;在对流层温度随高度增加(温度曲线是由辐射热量从地球表面),而在平流层温度随高度(温度曲线是由太阳辐射)。< / p > < p >对流层温度的增加与对流层顶高度的增加有关。因素的作用包括从赤道海洋蒸发的水蒸气量;< a href = " http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/JD090iD03p05629/full " >对流层顶高度的年际变化也可能导致本地和大规模的驱动力< / >。对流层顶响应整个基本层的平均温度:这是高在赤道和低在两极。< / p > //www.hoelymoley.com/questions/668/why-is-the-troposphere-8km-higher-at-the-equator-than-the-poles/12534 # 12534 0 由userLTK回答为什么对流层8公里在赤道高于波兰人吗? userLTK //www.hoelymoley.com/users/2717 2017 - 10 - 25 - t05:53:21z 2019 - 04 - 18 - t11:22:04z < p >除了答案由@Kaberett递减率对流层顶高度变异的解释很好。递减率是重力和理想气体定律的属性和它必须调整循环冷凝和自上而下的来自太阳的加热,这是一个小的效果近乎透明的氛围。递减率并不完美,但它仍然是好的近似。< / p >

Wikipedia summary

Shorter, Britannica summary

From the Britannica summary:

The lapse rate of nonrising air—commonly referred to as the normal, or environmental, lapse rate—is highly variable, being affected by radiation, convection, and condensation; it averages about 6.5 °C per kilometre (18.8 °F per mile) in the lower atmosphere (troposphere).

If we take that averaged 6.5°C per km, that explains pretty close to the surface temperature variation on the Earth at sea level. (Antarctica, being mostly more than a mile in elevation, you need to adjust the temperature -6.5°C per km in altitude for surface temperature). The troposphere being an average of 8 km higher at the equator, corresponds to 52°c variation using that -6.5 degree estimate, or about 32 degrees (equator) to minus 20 (pole), which is very much in the ballpark.

Also, as noted in the Wikipedia article

the dry adiabatic lapse rate is a constant 9.8 °C/km (5.38 °F per 1,000 ft, 3 °C/1,000 ft), the moist adiabatic lapse rate varies strongly with temperature. A typical value is around 5 °C/km

Moist air has a lower lapse rate, which explains why the troposphere is highest over warm equatorial Pacific and why it peaks over monsoons. - see this article.

It's the surface temperature and water vapor. That's the gist of it. The rotation of the Earth can't account for a troposphere that's twice as high over the equator. The rotation of the Earth (and if we want to get silly, also the Moon's atmospheric tidal bulges) both affect the troposphere some, but they are minor players.

Earth's atmosphere shouldn't bulge much more than it's body, about 1 part in 298, even if you multiply that by 4, and I think that's too aggressive a mathematical approach, but even so, that would be less than 1 part in 70 of atmospheric expansion over the equator due to the spin of the Earth. That's very far from the doubling that temperature explains.

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