海洋里有水分子,几乎从来没有落下来,成了雨吗?- 江南体育网页版- - - - -地球科学堆江南电子竞技平台栈交换 最近30从www.hoelymoley.com 2023 - 07 - 10 - t20:56:15z //www.hoelymoley.com/feeds/question/8133 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/rdf //www.hoelymoley.com/q/8133 12 海洋里有水分子,几乎从来没有落下来,成了雨吗? Marijn //www.hoelymoley.com/users/5372 2016 - 06 - 08 - t10:18:08z 2018 - 01 - 23 t22:37:54z < p >有些海洋非常深。但也有电流(对流)在海洋深处,这样所有的水分子将蒸发和落下来,成了雨还是非常非常底部一些水分子会呆在下面几十年? < / p > //www.hoelymoley.com/questions/8133/-/8134 # 8134 14 gerrit回答的海洋里有水分子,几乎从来没有落下来,成了雨吗? gerrit //www.hoelymoley.com/users/6 2016 - 06 - 08 - t11:30:55z 2016 - 06 - 08 - t11:45:40z < p > < em >从不< / em >是一个非常,非常长的时间。< em >几乎从不< / em >是一个模糊的术语。< / p >

The age of deep ocean water has been studied with both models and observations, and both indicate a lower limit age in the order of thousands of years, rather than decades. Here, age is defined as elapsed time since contact with the surface, which would be the only opportunity for evaporation.

On a geological timescale, all ocean water has ample opportunity to evaporate and fall back as rain again and again. On a human timescale, not so much: for some water in the ocean, it has been well over a thousand years since the last time it was near the surface.

For an example of a recent study into the topic:

Gebbie and Huybers (2012): The Mean Age of Ocean Waters Inferred from Radiocarbon Observations: Sensitivity to Surface Sources and Accounting for Mixing Histories. in: Journal of Physical Oceanography. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-11-043.1

From the abstract (emphasis mine):

A number of previous observational studies have found that the waters of the deep Pacific Ocean have an age, or elapsed time since contact with the surface, of 700–1000 yr. Numerical models suggest ages twice as old. Here, the authors present an inverse framework to determine the mean age and its upper and lower bounds given Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) radiocarbon observations, and they show that the potential range of ages increases with the number of constituents or sources that are included in the analysis. (...) The authors find that the North Pacific at 2500-m depth can be no younger than 1100 yr old, which is older than some previous observational estimates. (...) Subject to the caveats that inference of the mixing history would benefit from further observations and that radiocarbon cannot rule out the presence of extremely old waters from exotic sources, the deep North Pacific waters are 1200–1500 yr old, which is more in line with existing numerical model results.

//www.hoelymoley.com/questions/8133/-/8138 # 8138 4 k·林赛回答的海洋里有水分子将几乎从来没有落下来,成了雨吗? k·林赛 //www.hoelymoley.com/users/6024 2016 - 06 - 09 - t03:41:51z 2016 - 06 - 09 - t03:41:51z < p >注意单个水分子寿命比通风更短时间尺度你询问。看到< / p > < p > < a href = " http://www.livescience.com/32254-does-a-water-molecule-have-a-lifespan.html " rel =“nofollow”> http://www.livescience.com/32254-does-a-water-molecule-have-a-lifespan.html < / > < / p > < p >和< / p > < p > < a href = " https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1gk9gm/whats_the_lifetime_of_a_water_molecule/ " rel =“nofollow”> https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1gk9gm/whats_the_lifetime_of_a_water_molecule/ < / > < / p > //www.hoelymoley.com/questions/8133/-/8171 # 8171 2 peterh回答的海洋里有水分子,几乎从来没有落下来,成了雨吗? peterh //www.hoelymoley.com/users/6016 2016 - 06 - 12 - t17:07:17z 2016 - 06 - 12 - t17:07:17z < p >也许我很远离地球科学家:-),但这里有一些门外汉的计算基于可用的数据。< / p >
  1. The land area of the Earth is around 148million km^2 (ref).
  2. The mean yearly rain on land is around 715mm (ref).
  3. (1) and (2) means a total volume of yearly rain on land around 148e+6 * 715e-6 = 105820 km^3.
  4. The total area of the World in around 510072000 km^2 (ref).
  5. (1) and (4) means a total water area of around 362 million km^2.
  6. Average overall depth of the world Oceans is 3800 m (ref).
  7. (5) and (6) means a 1375.6 million km^3 of the total volume of the world oceans.
  8. (3) and (7) means a time constant of around 1376.6/0.105820 = 13000 years for the time constant of the exchange of waters by rainfall to the land area of the world oceans.

(8) would also mean, that after every 13000 years, around 63% (1-1/e) of the water molecules of the World's oceans evaporate and falls as rain into the land - if the evaporation would happen with the same ratio in the whole volume of the world oceans. Which is clearly not true - there are deep areas without nearly every underwater stream or any similar. But - considering the other replies - their exchange by underwater streams is much faster as this 13000 years, so we can consider them negligible.

Consider that the world oceans exists since around 4.4 billion years. It is around 338462 times of the time constant of the rain exchange. This would mean, that around 1/e^338462 part of the water molecules of the World didn't fall as rain until now. It is around 10^-146992 .

Now consider that the number of the protons in the visible Universe is around 10^85.

This 10^146992 is so many times bigger as even the number of the protons in the whole visible universe, that even considering the minor inaccuracies in this calculation, or considering the quasi-stable deep ocean regions (which were detailed by the previous answers), we can surely say:

There is no water molecule on the world oceans which wouldn't ever fallen as rain somewhere to a surface area.

//www.hoelymoley.com/questions/8133/-/9500 # 9500 2 DrGC回答的海洋里有水分子,几乎从来没有落下来,成了雨吗? DrGC //www.hoelymoley.com/users/1379 2017 - 01 - 20 - t21:35:07z 2018 - 01 - 23 t14:33:31z < p >不是在地质时间尺度。< / p > < p > <强>平均停留时间< /强>海洋的水大约是<强> < /强> 3000年。这是因为世界anual降水约5 e14灯头立方米/年,而全球海洋体积1.4 e18 m3 [< a href = " http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2008/VernonWu.shtml] rel = " nofollow noreferrer " > http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2008/VernonWu.shtml] < / >。如果你第二个数字除以第一,你大约3000年。< / p > < p >然而,这种方法假定水混合在海洋中。注意,有一些特殊包含高度分层海洋水域的发行量是极其缓慢的,例如,在黑海。在这些盆地可以成为当地住宅次数量级了。< / p > < p >在另一方面,南极洲的冰形成的水可以花大约20000年前被回收到大气中,因为冰流是低于海洋环流。< / p > //www.hoelymoley.com/questions/8133/-/13166 # 13166 0 BarocliniCplusplus回答的海洋里有水分子,几乎从来没有落下来,成了雨吗? BarocliniCplusplus //www.hoelymoley.com/users/704 2018 - 01 - 23 t22:37:54z 2018 - 01 - 23 t22:37:54z < p > ?确定。例如,任何水分子进行了化学转换。例如,化学方程式$ $ \ ce {CO_ {2} (aq) + H_2O & lt;——比;HCO_ {3} ^ _ {(aq)} + H ^ _ {(aq)}} $ $破坏水分子离子。现在,因为它是一个可逆反应,这是言之成理的分子实际上是否摧毁。然而,一旦反应$ $ \ ce {Ca ^ {2 +} _ {(aq)} + 2 hco_ {3} ^ _ {(aq)} & lt;——比;CaCO_3 + CO_ {2} (aq) + H_2O} $ $发生,原来比< em > < / em >分子可以说是毁了。< / p >

An underlying assumption: I am considering a water molecule to never have been evaporated if it at some point is destroyed (i.e. the atoms no longer make up water).

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