是什么让水从地球陷入?- 江南体育网页版- - - - -地球科学堆江南电子竞技平台栈交换 最近30从www.hoelymoley.com 2023 - 07 - 10 - t13:15:07z //www.hoelymoley.com/feeds/question/8178 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/rdf //www.hoelymoley.com/q/8178 6 是什么让水从地球陷入? seilgu //www.hoelymoley.com/users/6140 2016 - 06 - 14 - t03:43:01z 2019 - 01 - 12 t13:10:12z < p >我记得在什么地方读火星上有水的证据,但一切都陷入了火星土壤。防止地球上发生了什么?< / p > < p >有人说这是因为地壳不渗透水,但这必须是无稽之谈,因为火山的行动和地震,肯定会出现裂缝,让水流淌。所以唯一阻止水下沉的是温度,对吧? < / p > //www.hoelymoley.com/questions/8178/-/8182 # 8182 7 戈登斯坦格的回答让水从地球陷入? 戈登斯坦格 //www.hoelymoley.com/users/4507 2016 - 06 - 14 - t14:34:42z 2016 - 06 - 14 - t14:34:42z < p >温度肯定是一个因素,但它并不是那么简单。实际上大量的水< em > < / em >沉入地球,主要是大气循环,而且随着含水矿物质的沉积,困孔隙水,结转到下地壳俯冲带的湿沉积物。后者是大多数火山水蒸气的最终来源。当然,压力随深度增加,这种压力会关闭任何毛孔,骨折或错误蛀牙。因此,更深的水下沉,水循环的范围就越少。岩石越深,变得越热,所以很可能深循环的微量的水将被水岩相互作用产生吸收矿物质的含水组合。如果水被加热到水蒸气蒸汽横向移动,很容易或向上(高孔隙度),但与其说向下(很少或没有孔隙度)。最后还有密度因素。水比岩石密度较低所以它找到自己的水平:气体在顶部,然后进一步碳氢化合物(如果有的话),然后淡水,盐水,然后没有液体,因为没有与孔隙流体占据。< / p > //www.hoelymoley.com/questions/8178/-/8187 # 8187 10 Gimelist回答的让水从地球陷入? Gimelist //www.hoelymoley.com/users/725 2016 - 06 - 14 - t22:35:45z 2016 - 06 - 14 - t22:35:45z < blockquote > < p >防止地球上发生了什么?< / p > < /引用> < p >不多。相当多的水是循环地壳和地幔。< / p > < blockquote > < p >所以唯一阻止水下沉的是温度,对吧?< / p > < /引用> < p >的故事的一部分。对于我们的讨论,水可以以两种形式存在:< / p > < ul > <李>分子水2 H <子> < /订阅> O,在几个阶段之一(液体水,固体冰,超临界流体,水蒸气),< /李> <李>结构水在固体矿产。例如,在粘土矿物即泥浆。高岭土的矿物组成泥浆(或灰尘),公式Al <子> < /订阅>如果<子> 2 < /订阅> 5 O <子> < /订阅> (OH) < /订阅> <子> 4。看到(OH) <子> 4 < /订阅>吗?这基本上就是水。即使你拿一堆泥,干它在烤箱110°C,直到完全干燥,水仍然是。< /李> < / ul > < p >水分子可以用石块和矿物质发生化学反应,形成含水矿物质和被困结构水(类似于加水的硅酸盐水泥混凝土),和含水矿物质可以加热到足以释放这水(通常需要数以百计的度)。< / p > < p >让我们看看这个东西如何工作的一些示例。

Oceans have mid ocean ridges, where the oceanic lithosphere is being formed. This area has very shallow magma chambers so the rock is extremely hot. Water that percolates down through cracks gets heated to a large degree, lowering the density and increasing the buoyancy of the water. This water then goes back up through hydrothermal vents on the seafloor. Here's a spectacular video of some of those things:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rTR6gGDWcJk

When the water goes down, not all of it goes back up. It also reacts with the rock, forming hydrous minerals. For example, anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), a common mineral in basalts, is hydrated to epidote-clinozoisite: Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH). In some occasions, oceanic crust can be uplifted and is then exposed. One example is Cyprus, where you can see features like this:

enter image description here

What you're looking at is basically anhydrous rocks (the white stuff) replaced by hydrous minerals (the brown stuff) due to upwelling hot water in the oceanic crust. Above it, now gone, was a hydrothermal vent like the ones in the video.

On land, water does sink deep down as well. As Gordon mentioned in his answer, water is common in oil reservoirs, but it's just about anywhere else. It is particularly rich in sedimentary rocks, that still have some amount of the liquid water that existed during sediment deposition (river, lagoon, lake, etc).

A good property of water in subsurface conditions, is that at higher temperature and pressure it can dissolve and leach metals from rock. This provides a way to move metals around, eventually depositing these metals in localised locations so we can exploit them. Lead, zinc and gold are examples of metals that can be concentrated by circulating water.

Water can also go deep down into the mantle in subduction zones. Water trapped in pore spaces and hydrous minerals can sink hundreds of kilometres down into the Earth. Eventually, the temperature becomes too hot to sustain the water in there and the rock devolatilise: they lose the water (which is a supercritical fluid at this stage). This water is then incorporated into magmas, and erupted in volcanoes. In many volcanoes, especially in arc volcanoes (such as the ones around the Pacific ocean), a major component of "volcanic gas" is actually water vapour.

To sum it up, water goes down, water goes up. It's all one huge happy cycle.

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