为什么冷比海平面在山里吗?- 江南体育网页版- - - - -地球科学堆江南电子竞技平台栈交换 最近30从www.hoelymoley.com 2023 - 07 - 07 - t00:00:49z //www.hoelymoley.com/feeds/question/9038 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/rdf //www.hoelymoley.com/q/9038 8 为什么冷比海平面在山里吗? user6847056 //www.hoelymoley.com/users/6916 2016 - 11 - 05 - t03:20:51z 2020 - 10 - 18 - t05:34:47z < p >这是我听过无数的原因。我只是想知道哪一个是正确的。< / p > //www.hoelymoley.com/questions/9038/-/9043 # 9043 14 由JeopardyTempest回答为什么冷比海平面在山里吗? JeopardyTempest //www.hoelymoley.com/users/6298 2016 - 11 - 05 - t07:43:44z 2020 - 10 - 18 - t05:34:47z < p >传统答案基本上可以归结为绝热冷却的物理概念,描述的是:< / p > < ul > <李>没有那么大的压力,你在大气中(主要是由于更少的空气压得喘不过气来)< /李> <李>空气占用更多的体积在较低压力< /李> <李>以来没有什么其他供应扩张所需要的能量,能量使用的空气的温度(空气分子运动的量)。结果就是更高空气冷却器通过10 C /公里(干燥的空气……水分释放热量,减少冷却到约6 C /公里)< /李> < / ul > < p >,但总之,<强> < /强>高空气冷却器在大气中。< / p > < p >,当然是动力学解释为什么空气温度会随着你的整个对流层(唯一一层大气的在我们的生活中我们一般遇到……其他事情做在其他层……如臭氧收集和重新发行来自太阳的能量在同温层,实际上引起气候变暖的高度)。然而,< / p > < p >这典型的解释似乎有些不足。因为如果你注意的措辞,“因为大气中的空气高是cooler"短语,它实际上没有回答这个问题。< / p > < p >因为你考虑的所有位置表面的位置,无论他们是在海平面或在山上。< / p > < p >和表层基本上所有吸收对流层的阳光对流层(吸收的太阳辐射可以忽略不计)。 And after all, mountainous places receive the same amount solar energy as lower elevation sites (in fact, technically a tiny bit more, that tiny tiny bit I mentioned that the troposphere takes out for sea-level locations).

Where am I going with this?

If the ground gets the same energy. And if it's made of the same material and has the same color, it would therefore gain the same amount of temperature. And then the air's heating comes up from the ground below.

So then, once again, why are mountains cooler?!?

Because of their EXPOSURE.
Air predominantly flows horizontally rather than vertically (basically consider this an effect of gravity and the resultant air density distribution). And it's that horizontal wind that changes everything. Because most sites on mountains are generally quite proximate (at least regionally) to places where winds will blow in air that was higher above the lower elevation ground surface, and thus colder. The air on mountains, with limited protection (and because winds are higher aloft) is mixed strongly with the neighboring adiabatically cooler air that's sitting above the sea-level sites.

Just for more convincing this is vital, I invite you to look at these climatographs comparing two cities in the US.

2 cities, red data taken from NOAA, blue from Intellicast

What are these towns?
Red: Wendover, Utah (elevation 4,291', latitude 40.73° N)
Blue: Latrobe, Pennsylvania (elevation 997', 40.32° N) Over a km difference in height. So you'd expect Latrobe to be about 18°F warmer.
But it isn't. Instead it's cooler (especially during summer afternoons, which average up around 10 degrees apart).
Why? Because a lot of the intermountain west is actually quite a wide flat elevated basin\plateau. So in the central part of this area, there isn't as much exposure to the colder air coming in from places with lower topography.

Rest assured, it was very hard to find examples like this. You need a very wide flat elevated area, which is fairly uncommon. Plus just the right place to compare to for emphasis.

There are other common factors that do enhance the cold predilection on mountains, including the lower moisture content at elevation, the often lighter land color of raised terrain, and the increased cloud coverage due to air rising orographically.

But the fundamental reason it is colder on mountains is adiabatic cooling and the exposure of raised locations to that colder air.
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