是大气中输给空间多少水?- 江南体育网页版- - - - -地球科学堆江南电子竞技平台栈交换 最近30从www.hoelymoley.com 2023 - 04 - 22 - t07:28:28z //www.hoelymoley.com/feeds/question/9488 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/rdf //www.hoelymoley.com/q/9488 16 是大气中输给空间多少水? amphibient //www.hoelymoley.com/users/7323 2017 - 01 - 19 t17:01:35z 2022 - 12 - 11 - t20:39:25z < p >直到最近,我下(错误的)印象,行星的数量累计水资源是有限的,我相信它从大气中逃脱是不可能的。我相信,不像其他行星资源,是不可能“浪费”水是任何浪费只会循环本身的性质,即城市垃圾处理,进入海洋,它最终将消失,沉淀回大陆水域更新我们的水供应。< / p > < p >最近,我知道我错了,这种现象被称为< a href = " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_escape封存" >封存< / >,它确实是地球上水资源总量可能有所不同。< / p > < p >我很好奇如果有指标地球已经失去多少水(或获得的反向现象)。另外,有什么我们可以减少这种效果吗?< / p > < p > < a href = " http://sciencenordic.com/earth-has-lost-quarter-its-water " >这篇文章< / >表示,我们已经失去了四分之一的水,但是我正在寻找更细粒度的数据。< / p > //www.hoelymoley.com/questions/9488/-/16133 # 16133 13 卡米洛·Rada回答的是大气中输给空间多少水? 卡米洛·Rada //www.hoelymoley.com/users/11908 2019 - 02 - 01 - t19:36:37z 2019 - 02 - 01 - t21:08:05z < p >这不是实际的水是什么输给了空间,因为在高层大气水通常分离到其他分子或离子。氧离子外流经常被认为是代表行星大气层的水的流失。的全球地球率随外流率< span class = " math-container " > 10美元^ {25}$ < / span > <跨类= " math-container " > 10美元^ {26}s ^ {1} $ < / span >,根据地磁活动(< a href = " https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu// abs / 2017 agufm.p11b2506s /文摘”rel = " noreferrer " >引用< / >)。< / p > < p >海报的引用(作者)寄给我我们可以阅读:< / p > < blockquote > < p >如果我们假设氧气对应水损失(麦克尔罗伊自律,Hunten和[1970]),然后一个氧损失率~ <跨类= " math-container " > 10美元^ {25}s ^ {1} $ < / span >对应~ 300美元<跨类=“math-container”> \文本{g s} ^ {1} $ < / span >水的损失。在太阳系的年龄(45亿年~ <跨类= " math-container " > \ $ 1.4 * 10 ^ {17} $ < / span > s)这个损失率< span class = " math-container " > \ $ 4.2 * 10 ^ {19} $ < / span > g的水。< / p > < /引用> < p > <强>当前图是等价的损失~每天25920升,或9467 <跨类= " math-container " > \文本{m} ^ 3美元每年< / span >。< / >强,参考图似乎本文< a href = " https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2010GL045075 " rel = " noreferrer " >通过遥远的尾巴逃跑O +等离子板< / >,用测量的< a href = " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STEREO " rel = " noreferrer " >立体量B(太阳能地面天文台的关系)航天器< / >。< / p > < p > < >强,对应于总损失超过地球历史上42000 <跨类= " math-container " > \文本{公里}^ 3美元< / span >的水,相当于海平面变化的12厘米。< / >强然而,这是一个简单的推断当前的利率,因为他们承认他们不知道如何模型地球的磁气圈会表现在过去当太阳弱。虽然,阳光较弱是合理的期望损失小。< / p > < p >这个值是完全不同的< a href = " http://sciencenordic.com/earth-has-lost-quarter-its-water " rel = " noreferrer " >你指出的文章< / >。在这种情况下他们使用氢代替氧作为代理的损失水损失:< / p > < blockquote > < p >知道多少氢从海洋消失在过去的四十亿年里使研究人员计算,海洋失去了大约四分之一的地球早期以来的水。< / p > < /引用> < p >他们说:< / p > < blockquote > < p >今天大气中富含氧气,它与氢和氘反应重现水,落回地球的表面。 So the vast bulk of the water on Earth is held in a closed system that prevents the planet from gradually drying out.

That suggests that the limiting factor for the existence of water is now the abundance atmospheric oxygen (although oxygen in rocks if very abundant). So it would make sense to use now Oxygen loss as proxy for water loss, but in the past, before the atmosphere was flooded with oxygen, maybe hydrogen loss was a better proxy.

They suggests that methanogenesis can free hydrogen atoms and make them liable to be loss to space, but when it is part of a water molecule it is safe. Methanogenesis would have been much more common in the past when the atmosphere was rich in methane (50 to 500 richer than today).

To wrap up, it seem that there is no consensus about the actual amount of water loss trough Earth's history. Different proxies give different values. Some proxies might be representative to some periods in Earth's past, but other proxies are more representative of other periods. And unfortunately we don't have yet a good reconstruction of the composition and density of the atmosphere throughout Earth's history.

But we do know with some confidence, that while you where reading this answer, one or two liters of water were loss to space.

//www.hoelymoley.com/questions/9488/-/23358 # 23358 1 杰克的回答是大气中输给空间多少水? 杰克 //www.hoelymoley.com/users/26144 2022 - 01 - 04 - t02:20:04z 2022 - 01 - 04 - t02:34:07z < p >不想把坏消息,但我们不知道。氧气是地球上最丰富的元素之一,质量(不仅仅是地壳),自由质子或氢原子(如电子丰富)更有可能是一个限制因素对水氧比100:1的因素。当然,追踪氢是非常困难的,因为它只是回头成水在正常情况下…因此它的代理拒绝观察。But one way we gain net hydrogen -- aside from measureable debris infall -- is not from any chemical means, is from solar and cosmic showers -- neutrons, gamma & muons, protons. Of those, thermal neutrons are somewhat well absorbed by nitrogen-14, which becomes carbon-14 and emits a proton. This proton is gonna meet an electron guaranteed, and likely to become water, as vapor or precipitate out. Of course, jeans escape on the other hand, does the opposite, allows for natural hydrogen escape. Since we do not have any way of tagging this activity, tracking such protons & hydrogen...we can't really say if we are even losing or gaining net water, or just essentially re-venting incoming protons. All we know, is both opposing processes occur, but we can't say for certain if there is overlap or not. 2021 published studies cite solar wind as a significant chunk earth's watery origin.

//www.hoelymoley.com/questions/9488/-/24245 # 24245 1 艾伦·布克回答的是大气中输给空间多少水? 艾伦·布克 //www.hoelymoley.com/users/27523 2022 - 08 - 28 - t17:35:33z 2022 - 08 - 28 - t17:36:29z < p >水从地球的大气层可能不会丢失;然而,一个明显的损失确实存在“免费”大气中的水分。已经增加吸收的生物(人的动物),因此无法获得充足数量如前几代。而深刻的,这是一个简单的解释为什么有更多的干旱和水资源短缺的地区比历史上任何已知的时间。< / p >
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