如果你觉得我缺乏任何必要的知识，请随意解释。
.这对我来说可能是个重要的问题恰恰相反。发散的边界会导致山脉(实际上是火山)建筑，因为上涌的岩浆是裂陷过程的一部分。
首先，也是最重要的，大洋中脊可以被认为是世界上最长、最庞大的山脉。当然，更明显的是大陆裂谷，如东非裂谷。山Kilimanjaro，裂谷火山活动的产物，是非洲最高的山峰。
在分歧边界上的另一个著名的火山活动地点是冰岛，尽管热点可能在那里发挥作用。
来源:USGS(通过usu.edu)
但是但是但是似乎你想知道现有的山脉发生了什么。还有一些人回答说，只有侵蚀才能摧毁山脉，这在很大程度上是正确的，但这只是一个时间问题。我们人类通常很难理解地质时间尺度有多大。大多数情况下，由大陆碰撞形成的山脉在下一次裂谷出现之前已经被完全侵蚀掉了。这就是美国东海岸的情况。 The mountains created by the collosion of Africa and North America in the Carboniferous (the Alleghenian Orogeny) were almost completely gone by the Triassic, when the Atlantic Ocean began to form from a rift along about the same line.
However, we have an example that might result in a qualified "yes" to your question, a little closer to the present. This is the way the Yellowstone Hotspot moved across what would become the northwestern United States. One of the things that caused geologists to recognize the Yellowstone Caldera was the 80km gap it melted in a mountain range it passed under, separating the Gallatin Range in the north from the Red Range in the south.
The hotspot's track might just be the genesis of a new rift that breaks North America apart, given enough time and the right stresses.
(Source: USGS)
停止扩散中心。然而，地幔中潜在的力量仍然存在，所以一个新的扩散中心可能在其他地方形成。 The new spreading center is formed wherever the rock breaks more easily. The thicker mountainous crust is generally harder to break than normal continental crust. So the spreading center tends not to form under mountains. A new spreading center that forms under a continental plate creates a rift valley which can become more mountainous than the surrounding crust, OR, it can end up thinner and more rugged, which depends on how fast the crust can move away from the upwelling.
伸展的构造板块破坏山脉吗?
简短的回答是“no”。侵蚀破坏了山脉。时期。在没有压缩的情况下，不会塌陷，不会断裂，不会“流回平坦”，不会粘在一个任性的板块上。只是简单的侵蚀。要想完全理解岩石的物理学和造山的过程，你至少要学过大学基础的地质学入门。这里有很多不错的插图和清晰的解释。另一方面，简单的视频也很有用:你可以看看英国地质学会的短剪辑关于板块边缘造山的基本观点。为了更准确地回答你的问题，在俯冲带边缘形成的山脉是几个过程的结果:1)俯冲边界内陆上覆板块的区域隆起，2)从俯冲板块刮出的物质形成吸积楔形，3)岛弧岩浆以挤压(熔岩流)或侵入(地下深处)的形式侵位，4)侵蚀，通过这一巨大隆起的火山岩中固有的结构弱点切割了深层通道，暴露出我们与山脉有关的尖峰和突出的山脊。
Does reversing this subduction effectively stop these processes? Yes...sorta. And this has happened around the planet frequently enough over 4.5 billion years with the creation of at least to supercontinents, Gondwana and Pangea. I say "sorta" because the uplift is still there and the erosion continues unabated. Does reversing the subduction effectively reverse these processes in any way? No. Reversing the direction of India's movement into Tibet will not cause the Himalaya to slump back onto the sea floor. It's now chemically altered, bullet-hard, de-watered metamorphosed accretionary wedge. Only the steady grinding of glaciers and weather are going to "destroy" those mountains; the same process already occurring.
Will reversing South American subduction cause the Andes to "stick" to the Nazca plate as it's pulled back out from under South America, or slump back into the ocean? That would impose a strength to oceanic crust that it doesn't have. If anything, in this new "extensional regime", oceanic crust would simply weaken, be uplifted by a shallow aesthenosphere, and likely be perforated by a mid-ocean ridge, or hotspots. Hope that helps!