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南极研究站使用任何本地资源,像水一样,或者一切都飞在吗?

存在严重的想法,如果没有计划,太空任务对月球和火星利用原位资源,生产氧气等推进(例如一个示例返回)的火星的大气或从水冰在月球上。这当然被认为是由于从地球发射的太空飞行是昂贵的每公斤。有一些相似之处与在南极研究站相当昂贵的物流。所以我想知道如果他们在某种程度上是靠土地,以降低成本。

研究站使用当地的水,甚至是淋浴用水的飞机吗?

回答

(澳大利亚)[1]和比利时南极研究站使用本地资源各自的水供应。澳大利亚是一个电台的数量。在过去,雪融化了,但目前当地融化水处理和使用。然而,澳大利亚基地(Casey)[2],也有融化的冰和莫森基地也有融化的雪。>在南极淡水是非常困难和费时。站之间的精确方法是不同的。在早期,冰雪铲进大坦克和加热水。今天,凯西和莫森泵水从背后的融化湖车站并将其存储在一个加热箱的房子。戴维斯吸引了当地的冰斗湖的水处理反渗透系统产生约18000公升每24小时。站需求平均每天10000 - 14000升左右。 Macquarie Island draws water from a dam located about three kilometres from the station on the plateau and 200 metres above sea level. The water is pumped to two holding tanks. Water saving appliances are installed wherever possible, but each person on station is asked to use as little water as possible. Expeditioners are limited to three minute showers and, when water supplies are short, to only shower every second or third day. Other water saving measures are also followed, such as doing one large load of washing rather than several smaller loads, and turning off the taps while cleaning your teeth. The Belgian, [Princess Elisabeth base][3], melts snow to obtain water. The Belgians, as do bases from other countries, also use [renewable sources][4] of energy, namely, wind and solar, via wind generators and solar panels. The Australian base at [Mawson has two wind generators][5] that supply 95 percent of the stations energy requirements The US base at Mc Murdo, operated a [nuclear reactor][6] for electricity generation, for 10 years, until 1972. It produce over 78 MWh or electricity and 13 million gallons (49.21 ML) of fresh water. Diesel generators still produce much of the electricity used at Antarctic stations. The French base, Dumont d'Urville, obtains fresh water by [desalinating sea water][2]. Food is delivered to all the stations from outside because the [Antarctic Treaty][7], [bans the eating of anything originating from the continent][8]. This prevents fishing and eating seals or penguins, or any other fauna or flora. [Waste water][9] from bases is treated before being discharged. The mining of minerals and the exploitation of oil and gas from Antarctica is still [banned][10]. [1]: http://www.antarctica.gov.au/about-antarctica/people-in-antarctica/water [2]: https://www.latitude.aq/publications/pdf/ideea1993ag.pdf [3]: http://www.antarcticstation.org/station/water_treatment/ [4]: http://www.antarcticstation.org/station/renewable_energies/ [5]: http://www.antarctica.gov.au/living-and-working/station-life-and-activities/renewable-energy [6]: http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2014/ph241/reid2/ [7]: https://www.state.gov/t/avc/trty/193967.htm [8]: http://www.slate.com/blogs/atlas_obscura/2014/10/16/food_in_antarctica_what_explorers_and_researchers_eat.html [9]: https://www.environments.aq/information-summaries/sources-dispersal-and-impacts-of-wastewater-in-antarctica/ [10]: http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/antarctic-mining-ban-reaffirmed

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