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为什么南极海域没有更多的上涌,当北极水域是如此丰富的上升流吗?

形成的冰,因此更稠密盐水沉没发生在极地地区,创建下降。与此同时,只有几个景点在南极洲上涌

我指的是这张图片:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwelling /媒体/文件:Upwelling_image1.jpg

回答

首先,我们要区分不同的[类型的上升流][1]:-沿岸上升流:它是最著名的上升流形式。风在这些系统流动与海岸平行(海岸北半球向左或向右在南半球)并生成上升流动力学。表面(埃克曼平衡)[2]设置(在足够深的水域)与水运输是风的右(左)在北部(南部)半球。结果是一个赤字沿着海岸,需要更深的补偿流的一部分水柱表面通常寒冷的水域。如果风吹向相反的方向,那么(下降)[3]。问题的图是指沿海上升流([这][4]在原来的网站解释说明)。肯定是有海岸上涌在北半球,因为丰富的海岸线作为大陆的大量存在于半球。[![上升流动画][5]][5]源(Commons维基百科)[6]。——赤道上升流:风从东吹和收敛沿着赤道的热带辐合区([ITCZ] [7])。 While the magnitude of the Coriolis acceleration is zero along the equator, Ekman transport takes place immediately north and south of the equator resulting in surface ocean divergence that requires a compensating flow of denser (nutrient-rich) water upwelled from below. [![Equatorial upwelling][8]][8] [Source][9] - Southern Ocean upwelling: Strong westerly (eastward) winds dominate the atmospheric setting around Antarctica. The strong winds force the [Antarctic Circumpolar Current][10], the strongest current in the ocean. The winds also result in an Ekman balance with northward flow in the upper part of the water column. To compensate that flow, some water flows up from greater depths. The magnitude of the Southern Ocean upwelling is still being studied, but some observations and models propose that it represents the main way for dense water from deeper areas to be reintroduced in the surface circulation. If that were the case, then it represents the largest upwelling system in the world. An alternative explanation proposes [oceanic eddies][11] as the main mechanism for dense water to reconnect with the surface circulation. Additionally, there is coastal upwelling over the Antarctic continental shelf driven by local winds that brings relatively warmer waters to the shelf contributing to local/regional ice melting. [![southern ocean upwelling][12]][12] [Source][13] The question also mentions downwelling associated with dense water formation. Deep water forms at high latitudes (typically north and south of 60°) in both the southern and northern hemispheres. As mentioned in the question, ice contains almost no salt, so when ice forms, a salty, sub-zero brine is left behind and sinks. In the Antarctic, as the saltier water moves down, it mixes with slightly warmer intermediate water. The mixture becomes [Antarctic Bottom Water][14] (AABW), which flows northwards along the bottom in all the main oceans. In the Arctic, the northward flowing branch of the Gulf Stream (salty and warm) joins the subpolar gyre and enters the Labrador Sea where as it cools, it starts to sink. The eastern branch of the Gulf Stream begins to sink in the Nordic Seas. The resulting water masses combine to form the dense [North Atlantic Deep Water][15] (NADW) that flows south at depth. Both the creation of AABW and NADW can be considered downwelling, as there is a net downward flow in the formation areas, but they are not related to wind-driven downwelling in the vicinity of coasts. [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwelling#Types [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekman_transport [3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downwelling#Oceanic_downwelling [4]: https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/currents/03coastal4.html [5]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/eihoE.gif [6]: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Upwelling_animated.gif [7]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertropical_Convergence_Zone [8]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/gsSm6.gif [9]: http://www-das.uwyo.edu/~geerts/cwx/notes/chap11/equat_upwel.html [10]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic_Circumpolar_Current [11]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_(fluid_dynamics)#Mesoscale_ocean_eddies [12]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/8fqNQ.jpg [13]: https://www.nap.edu/read/13169/chapter/1 [14]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic_bottom_water#Formation_and_circulation [15]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Atlantic_Deep_Water

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\ begingroup美元谢谢!所以即使南大洋上升流被认为是世界上最大的,为什么北半球亚寒带水的生产力远高于近极的南部海域呢? \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -Sid达塔
2018年3月16日在1:17
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\ begingroup美元我认为你必须区分生产和生产力。南大洋的生产可能更大的区域上升流发生广泛得多。生产力(生产单位面积)可能在北极大(谨防季节和年际可变性大,nasa.gov /中心/戈达德mov /…),因为丰富的海岸线。 \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -arkaia
2018年3月16日,十四19
\ begingroup美元大但相对低效的更深层次的南极海洋的一部分代表大约90%的南部海洋生产。同时,如果正常区域,生产率小于许多大陆架。 \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -arkaia
2018年3月16日,十四19
\ begingroup美元所以你说的,如果我现在解释:在南极一般小上升流大面积的速度而不是快速集中地区的速度? \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -JeopardyTempest
2018年3月16日17点32分
\ begingroup美元这是我的观点,但在这个问题上有很多研究。最终,当没有观察和通量平衡计算,上涌运输需要补偿表面散度。所研究的问题是这是否流均匀或集中于特定地区海洋漩涡可以提高流。 \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -arkaia
2018年3月16日17:37

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