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表面空气温度压力有多密切相关?

显然与给定的质量和体积的空气,温度压力成正比。然而,我预计的总质量的空气柱内的气氛改变随着时间的推移,由于大气波(海洋和海洋波浪)。

如何表面气压与高度相关的表面温度,在给定的网站吗?多少大气质量的变化会影响这种关系吗?

回答

你开了一个非常大的蠕虫。你需要一个更大的可以让他们在一起了。问题是时间差。让我们做一些思想实验:在沙漠黎明。现在大气的底部很酷。太阳加热的泥土,泥土加热空气。空气扩大一些。但上面的空气是懒惰的。所以空气压力上升一些。空气最后推上空,然后向上或向下的压力取决于是否快让开。 Small area -- parking lot, the air spills in all directions. adjusts quickly. Gobi desert air starts to push out sideways, Coriolis rears up, and you have a temporary high pressure. At night the reverse happens. Ground cools, air shrinks, but the air around it doesn't fill in right away. Lets look at longer term features. Consider the Alaska low. The north pacific is warm, at least by ocean standards, and so the air above it is warm. Warmer air is less dense, and since the low stays more or less put for months at a time, the entire air column is warmish. Warm air is less dense than the cooler air around it. It has a lower effective surface pressure than cooler air around it. The cooler air from around it tries to rush in, but... Coriolis again. Friction restricts how much of that air can enter the low area. Low pressure warm air is pushed out by moving upward as a series of cloud and rainy weather. We think of the atmosphere in our heads as this thick blanket covering the earth. But most of the interesting stuff is in the bottom 3/4 of the atmosphere (by mass) which is about 36,000 feet. Call it 5 miles. It's a thin apple skin. One of the messy bits is the scale problem: There is very little change in energy moving a parcel horizontally. But moving it vertically gets messy. Pressure changes. Temperature changes. Water condenses/evaporates adding/removing sensible heat. One of the eye openers for me was realizing that in a lot of physics, you can analyze and quickly conclude that certain forces have small effects and can be ignored. In atmospheric dynamics I find myself unable to figure out what can be ignored, or left with a first level approximation. Everything affects everything else. Anyway to answer your question: Warming temperatures will initially increase pressure, but later decrease pressure. Cooling temperatures the opposite. Looking at Edmonton, AB's forecast for the next 10 days, we are getting daily temp fluctuations of about 11 C, and daily pressure variations of about 4 hPa. From the gas laws this is an 11 K compared to about 300 K so the pressure should change by about 11/300 of it's absolute pressure. This would be about 37 hPa. Why doesn't it? Because it's not the whole air column that's changing temp. Typically only about the bottom 3000 feet changes on a daily basis -- daytime mixing depth, with some mixing higher up. 3000 feet has about 1/10 of the atmosphere in it so the variation is only about a tenth. Ok, that gives 3.7 hpa. Closer to 4, but still off. Remember you ignore factors at your peril in atmospheric.

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\ begingroup美元这是一个很好的答案,但它没有相当一路的相关性。我想我应该为自己看了一些观察……我只是做了我附近的一个车站(机场平地~ 2公里海岸),我很惊讶结果:半小时昨天的数据相关性为0.08。每日上午9点或下午3点的数据上个月有负相关性分别为-0.1和-0.13 !这对我来说似乎非常反直觉的。我猜你提到的影响效果非常强! \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -naught101
2018年6月26日,在6:01
\ begingroup美元每日一个名义上是积极的。更高的温度增加压力直到空气能让开。但长远来看它的逆。温暖的临时工扩大空气,和把它在其他地方,这减少空气以上的数量。和太多取决于你的逆风处发生的一千公里。科里奥利力倾向于限制压力的变化。你的测试与相关相位延迟。 \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -舍伍德博茨
2018年6月26日,在十三50

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