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人类历史上最严重的火山喷发了多少影响全球温度?

根据这一点,

2018年最大的火山喷发的二氧化硫

在极端的情况下,就像1991年菲律宾的皮纳图博火山喷发的火山爆发,这些微小气溶胶粒子散射阳光,他们下面的地球表面降温。皮纳图博火山喷发的暴力爆发注入约1500万吨二氧化硫喷射到平流层。由此产生的硫酸在平流层气溶胶保持了两年,和地球表面的冷却范围1到2度。

但是根据这一点,人类历史上最严重的火山喷发

人类历史上最严重的火山喷发气体注入4亿吨

(26日6倍皮的喷发)虽然我想气体的成分可以是不同的,和

地球开始降温,1816年被称为“没有夏天由于气温低,造成农作物死亡,导致大规模的饥荒。

是知道今年全球地球温度,在度摄氏或华氏温度改变了多少?

回答

我不是在这个领域深入研究,但我怀疑,全球平均气温由代理一年难以准确衡量。1991冷却从皮发生最近足够准确的测量,虽然冷却仍有些很难确定究竟是由于其他变化因素,太阳黑子是一个小的变化和太平洋地区目前是一个很大的变化。1990年,当时,是历史上最热的一年)[1],驱动部分的厄尔尼诺现象。(厄尔尼诺地球变暖,通常持续一年,也许有时18个月或2年)。(厄尔尼诺持续到1991][2],但它大大削弱了到1991年底(厄尔尼诺峰值约12个月是正确的)。和皮喷发发生于6月15日,所以它不影响气候,直到1991年的近一半。1991年可能是更温暖的比1990年爆发之前(我找源在1991年上半年,但找不到它)。总体来看,1991年比1990年冷但只有一点点,没有皮,可能会被温暖。1992年比1993年和1994年显示逐渐变暖冷和1995年创造了一个新的历史上最热的一年。秋天1990年到1991年可能是火山1992年但更大的可能是驱动部分由厄尔尼诺现象减弱。(图表作为来源如果你向下滚动][3][上面的文章-见引用)[2]说,皮降低温度小于源显示。 > in the year to follow, volcanic particles in the atmosphere would > lower global temperatures by an average of 0.9 degrees Fahrenheit (0.5 > degrees Celsius). But, something to keep in mind about a 0.5 degree drop is that oceans are very slow to react, and unlike land, oceans don't warm up well under direct sunlight due to evaporation and the cooling effect of photon-generated evaporation. Because Earth is about 70% covered by ocean nearly all that 0.5 degree variation is over the land, land surface temperatures drop by nearly 1.5 degrees C and Oceans change very little. Finally, and this is important, volcanic "winters" aren't just about temperature drop but also about sunlight blocking. Less sunlight means less crop growth and it only takes one frost at the wrong time to kill a lot of crops, so even if a 1 or 2 degree Celsius drop or, lets say 2-3 degree drop over land that might not sound devastating, but temperature drops like that can be associated with a considerably higher chance of frost and crop-death. The 1991 eruption wasn't associated with crop failures, [but the 1883 and 1815 eruptions were][4]. Sunlight blocking may have been as big or an even bigger factor as temperature drop, but late frosts may have played a key role as well. (I lack the knowledge to give precise data on this). I realize I've not answered your question with a number like you asked. You can find estimates of temperature drop in various articles, usually about 1-2 degrees from big volcanic eruptions like the one in 1815, but neither the 1883 nor the 1815 were accurately measured. From what I gather (but I haven't found it said specifically), the 1883 cold spell lead to greater interest in global temperature, which is why many global average temperature charts begin in 1884, after Krakatoa. We may not have an accurate estimate on the temperature drop from a super-volcano. Narrowing down an accurate estimate based on geological evidence for one year, even supported with some local temperatures and historical records is tricky. I don't think anyone knows the specifics of temperature drop by super-volcano with accuracy. The numbers that get reported are probably somewhere between guesses and estimates. Also, not all eruptions are alike. A higher SO2 content should create a longer cooling. Volcanoes vary in sulfur content. [1]: https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-01-10-mn-11310-story.html [2]: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/096706459500041N [3]: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/201113 [4]: https://stevenmcollins.com/a-global-food-shortage-could-occur-quickly/

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