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为什么摩洛哥磷酸有这么多?

我读到摩洛哥/西撒哈拉磷酸已知世界上75%的储备,但是我找不到一个解释矿物负责它,以及它如何结束。

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地壳(包含0.27%的平均)[1]P <子> 2 < /订阅> O <子> 5 < /订阅>。大多数的矿物(磷灰石)[2]Ca 10 <子> < /订阅> (PO <子> < /订阅> 4日)6 <子> < /订阅>(哦,F, Cl) < /订阅> <子> 2。>磷灰石正在缓慢溶于中性或碱性水,和它的溶解度增加而增加酸度。> > PO 4 <子> < /订阅>的内容大多数河流和湖泊水域范围从0.01到0.5百分率(ppm),但在软酸海域可能更高,高盐水碱性湖泊。六分之一的磷酸由径流入海溶解的形式。海洋与磷酸作为一个整体几乎饱和,但其海洋中分布不均匀;很深的寒冷水域包含近0.3 ppm阿宝*,但温暖的表层海水只包含0.01 ppm或更少。海洋环流带来丰富磷肥水表面在一些环境中,和磷酸盐沉淀及或生化反应,随着pH值和温度的增加在地表附近。> >世界上大部分的磷酸生产来自海洋磷灰石,其中许多与黑色页岩和燧石。二级过程包括成岩磷化的碳酸钙和.interstitial降水、波浪和洋流返工,风化往往发挥了突出作用形成的可开采的质量。 > > Common igneous rocks, such as granite, diorite, gabbro, and peridotite, contain only from about 0.005 to 0.4 percent P<sub>2</sub>0<sub>5</sub> , but some of the less common alkalic rocks, such as ijolite and turjaite, can contain more than 1 percent. Variations in phosphate content of igneous rocks generally parallel those of ilmenite and magnetite.Apatite is slowly soluble in neutral or alkaline waters, and its solubility increases with increasing acidity, decreasing hardness, and decreasing temperature. > > Most phosphorus is carried to the sea as phosphate minerals or adsorbed on iron or aluminum hydroxides or clay. > > Most of the world's phosphate production comes from marine phosphorites. The richest and largest of these form at low latitudes in areas of upwelling associated with divergence, chiefly along the west coasts of the continents or, in large mediterranean seas, along the equatorial side of the basin. Lesser but significant concentrations form along the west sides of poleward-moving warm currents along the eastern coasts of continents. In the [Moroccan phosphate deposits][3] however, > The unconsolidated sediments on the continental shelf and uppermost continental slope off Morocco and the Spanish Sahara are sands, silty sands, and silts. Their sand fraction is carbonate-rich and considered to be mainly relict from Pleistocene times when sea level was lower. This relict sand is mixed with, and locally buried by, Holocene detrital silts which are concentrated on the slope and the middle shelf. Phosphate is locally abundant in the form of sand-sized detrital grains. These were derived from Cretaceous and Tertiary phosphatic rocks cropping out on the shelf, by erosion during the Pleistocene. The sand-sized phosphatic detritus is concentrated in relict placer-type deposits near parent-rock outcrops. Longshore transport during the Pleistocene has contributed further concentrations of phosphatic sand along the shelf edge. These deposits are of low grade (< 8% P 2O 5) and are of no economic interest at present. No signs of Recent phosphate mineral formation were noted. Thus, the hypothesis that this phenomenon is linked with the upwelling of nutrient-rich water does not appear to apply, at this time, to the region studied. [1]: https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1252d/report.pdf [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apatite [3]: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972SedG....8....3S/abstract

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