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高纯硅有多丰富?

硅经常被吹捧为第二个最丰富的元素在地壳中。然而,这可能会误导人当看制造业所需的大量的高纯度硅半导体晶片。

需要什么纯度水平在天然二氧化硅用于制造半导体?在地壳有多丰富?

回答

本文引用:Haus R。,普林茨年代。祭祀c(2012)高纯度石英资源的评估。:格策J。Mockel r (eds)石英:存款、矿物学和分析。施普林格地质学。施普林格,柏林,海德堡。https://doi.org/10.1007/978 - 3 - 642 - 22161 - 3 _2 >天然二氧化硅纯度级别需要什么才能被用于制造半导体?尽可能高。>……高纯度石英,总杂质含量小于20 ppm…… 20 ppm means that the silica has to be 99.998% pure. It is extremely hard to find silica that pure in nature. More specifically: > Specific requirements as to tolerable limiting values differ from > industry to industry. In the lamp tubing and optics industries > aluminium content in the refined quartz concentrate should not exceed > 20 ppm, other metals should be less than 1 ppm, and total impurities > less than 30 ppm. For semiconductor base materials and crucibles > aluminium content should be even lower, specified to less than 10 ppm, > other metals less than 0.1 ppm, and total impurities not to exceed 15 > ppm. > > Feedstock for solar silicon used in the photovoltaic industry should > generally have boron and phosphorus contents in the sub-ppm range > since these elements are most difficult to remove and negatively > affect the performance of the solar cells (Geerligs et al. 2002). > > For microelectronics applications, e.g. in epoxy moulding compounds, > uranium and thorium, both responsible for soft errors by alpha > radiation, should be less than 2 ppb, and in low alpha applications, > even less than 0.5 ppb.

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