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有冰的核心,因为压力?

因为有太多的压力在地球的核心,核心是坚固的,但如果你能在内核中添加一些水或接近它。压力使水固体或蒸发吗?只做铁和镍在压力下将固体吗?

回答

答案可能是,如果你正在寻找在地幔深处而不是核心,如果你是准备接受“超离子导体”冰的分子结构水坏了,相反,你有移动质子嵌入式oxide-ion晶格。核心本身水在压力下与热铁反应,实际上形成了一个金属氢化物。火与冰* * * *地球深处,压力达到GPa的水平和温度超过2000 K,水可能以两种形式存在,都是类似我们熟悉的材料表面。其中一个是超临界流体的温度和压力不仅是太高,让气液平衡,但也足够高的质子变成高度移动的物种在这个液体,因此充满离子物种。第二种形式是“实”,它包含一个刚性的氧化物晶格离子,但它们之间的氢离子移动,如果他们仍然是液体。这是长期的,现在(2019年以来)验证(超离子导体冰)(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superionic_water)。亚利桑那大学的[[1](https://www.geo.arizona.edu/xtal/geos306/geos306 - 13. - htm))显示了一个计算温度气压的关系作为一个收益深入地球,下图中给出。!(这里输入图像描述)(https://i.stack.imgur.com/f2OGL.gif)从Ref。[1]。中间的温度急剧上升的图表对应于地幔和地核之间的边界。我们看到的这个边界约100 GPa压力和温度3000 K左右。 Under these conditions, some calculations such as that from Millot et al. [[2](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332961479_Nanosecond_X-ray_diffraction_of_shock-compressed_superionic_water_ice)] indicates that the water may turn into the superionic ice state at this boundary. In the figure below, the point at 100 GPa and 3000 K lies in the white border region where, according to the authors' calculations, the water may be an ionic supercritical fluid or superionic ice. At lower depths, however, the temperature and pressure are more firmly in the green ionic fluid range. ![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MI8F3.png) From Ref. [2]. [Figure link](https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Phase-diagram-of-H2O-Pressure-temperature-conditions-of-the-XRD-measurements-in-the_fig4_332961479) **And then there was none** Water vapor is well known to react with iron and steel in industrial processes, forming iron oxide and hydrogen (we usually limit the water vapor content and add hydrogen to the atmosphere to halt this reaction). Such a reaction also occurs under the high pressure and temperature of the core [[3](https://academic.oup.com/nsr/article/4/6/870/4107791)], although it takes a different course. Instead of evolving as gas, the hydrogen from the water forms a layer of iron hydride, a material which, as a pure compound, is unstable under normal conditions. This acts as a source of hydrogen that may reduce material in the overlying mantle. See the figure below. From Ref. [3]. [Figure source](https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Schematic-diagram-of-ORP-in-the-DLM-Hydrous-minerals-in-the-subducting-slab-blue-carry_fig3_321123868)![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HmU2w.png) **References** 1. Educational material from the University of Arizona. 2. Marius Millot, Federica Coppari, J. Ryan Rygg, Antonio Correa Barrios, Sebastien Hamel, Damian C Swift, J. H. Eggert, "Nanosecond X-ray diffraction of shock-compressed superionic water ice", _Nature_ **569**(7755):251-255 (May 2019). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1114-6 3. Ho-Kwang Mao, Qingyang Hu, Liuxiang Yang, Jin Liu, Duck Young Kim, Yuanku Meng, Li Zhang, Vitali B. Prakapenka, Wenge Yang, Wendy L. Mao, "When water meets iron at Earth's core mantle boundary", National Science Review **4**(6), 109 (Sept. 2017). DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwx109

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2021年3月29日22:40

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