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之间的区别是什么表面特定的湿度和表面相对湿度?

之间的区别是什么表面特定的湿度和表面相对湿度(分别是潮湿和干燥机)?的趋势,根据联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会的最新报告显示,这两个是相反的,我想知道它意味着什么。

回答

让我们把这一种不同的方式:特定的湿度是多少实际的水(蒸汽)是在空中。——更多的温暖往往意味着更多的蒸发。——空气变暖也引发了多少水可以容纳的极限。所以第二个原因具体湿度可以提高上限水平。另一方面,相对湿度是衡量如何* *空气。这并不代表多少水确实是在空中。——如果上限水平,但实际的水的数量只增加一点……它实际上比以前更接近充分。认为主要是满碗相比一个角落满浴缸…有更多的水在浴缸里,但是它的相对完整。 Hopefully this next graph, showing the weather from Duluth, MN the past couple weeks, can help show the point: [![enter image description here][1]][1] The green and pink lines fluctuate in an almost perfectly opposite pattern, almost like heartbeat consistency, just about touching most days, then separating far apart. That's the daily cycle, and similar over most of the world much of the year... and it's mainly just all caused by temperature change; in the daytime it gets hot, so the air can hold more water, but the amount of actual water (in blue) really doesn't change much each day usually... meaning it's less full. At night the air cools down, "shrinking the container", until it's just about saturated again around dawn, despite not losing much of any water. RH is honestly a lame moisture measure, meteorologists really don't use it too much. Because it doesn't mean much, it really just reflects that temperature fluctuates each day. And that's not ground breaking information! When forecasting severe weather or precipitation or snow or tropical cyclones... it tells us almost nothing of use. Dew point, which is probably the most used absolute measure of water... is much more informative to us. It really focuses in on how much water is in the air (which is important for forecasting almost everything weather-wise) And notice if anything, that dewpoint is going the same way as temperature instead of the opposite. So this graph shows relative and absolute humidity typically fluctuate in two opposite ways to the temperature. And so hopefully it makes sense that if it's getting warmer, those opposing trends would be a reasonable result. The overall water goes up... the "fullness percentage" may well still go down. If total moisture goes up a bit, but the atmosphere's moisture cap goes up much more, it would mean RH and AH change in opposite directions. Since evaporation requires more energy, meaning for weather the dew point is much slower to change than temperature... it lines up that this would be the trend. **Absolute and relative humidity do both "measure" water vapor in the air. But because one, RH, really is more a (inverted) temperature measurement masquerading as a moisture measurement, rather than truly tracking water changes... they still can and very often do move in opposite ways.** <hr><sub> (Just a side note: absolute humidity can often be a bit more stable and independent from temperature, more so than this graph suggests. Wind changes like fronts and sea breezes can mean more connected movement, because different airmasses are coming in. It's fall in MN, so there's some of that going on. But hopefully graphs for other areas can help you explore the trend more and be convinced of the main ideas: ([Orlando][2], [San Antonio][3], [Seattle][4], [Phoenix][5], [Nairobi Kenya][6], [Tehran Iran][7], [Singapore][8], [Sydney Australia][9], [Guam][10]) [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/i2efk.png [2]: https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/zoa/getobext.php?sid=KMCO&num=336 [3]: https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/zoa/getobext.php?sid=KSAT&num=336 [4]: https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/zoa/getobext.php?sid=KSEA&num=336 [5]: https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/zoa/getobext.php?sid=PGUM&num=336 [6]: https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/zoa/getobext.php?sid=HKJK&num=336 [7]: https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/zoa/getobext.php?sid=OIII&num=336 [8]: https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/zoa/getobext.php?sid=WSSS&num=336 [9]: https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/zoa/getobext.php?sid=YSSY&num=336 [10]: https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/zoa/getobext.php?sid=PGUA&num=336

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