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我们到底在做什么，能做些什么来防止预计的(大规模)水资源短缺?

我从很多很多地方听说，大城市从地下蓄水层抽取了太多的水，而气候变化将加剧这一问题。我的城市伦敦据说将在2040/2050年面临严重的水资源短缺，地球上的大部分地区也将如此。我不知道从哪里开始严格研究这些言论，但我不相信我们的政府正在做很多研究问题/采取行动反对它，我觉得这些言论并没有太夸张，这是非常合理的。

这是一个非常简短的问题，但是……到底有多严重(或者希望有人能告诉我怎么回事)可预防的这是问题吗?

回答

为了解决当前和未来的水资源短缺问题，一些国家已经实施了[人工降雨][1]计划来诱导降雨。这些国家包括:中国、美利坚合众国、迪拜、印度、委内瑞拉、阿拉伯联合酋长国。多年来，许多国家都在试验人工降雨，并取得了不同程度的成功，例如在[澳大利亚]2010年，它在该国的某些地区取得了成功，但在其他地区却没有。一些司法管辖区已经建立了(海水淡化)工厂，以补充现有的供应。这样的计划可以扩大。除了这些措施，节水计划，以减少水的消耗，构成战略的一部分。这些方案包括通过减少洗澡时间和实施[双冲水马桶]来减少浴室和洗衣房的生活用水。将雨水从家庭排水沟转移到储水箱中，这样水就可以用于花园。灰水系统在墨西哥已在工业规模上得到应用，在其他地方也正在推广到家庭规模上。在什么地方使用什么策略，将取决于什么最适合每个地方。 ---------- ***Edit*** In 2018 the BBC reported on [11 cities most likely to run out of drinking water][5], London was one of them. The others were Sao Paulo, Bangalore, Beijing, Cairo, Jakarta, Moscow, Istanbul, Mexico City, Tokyo & Miami. After enduring a drought, in which water levels started to decline in 2015, [Cape Town nearly ran out of water][6] in 2018, where dam capacity reached 15 to 30 percent. The city was [90 days away from having no water][7]. Cape Town got lucky, heavy rains began falling in June 2018, averting the crisis and by September 2018 the dams were close to 70 percent full. In 2020, with successive rain the dams were 95 percent full. As part of the strategy to ensure more water [a desalination plant was built][8]. As a result of the [Millennium Drought in Australia][9] from 1997 to 2009, [six major desalination plants were constructed][10] between 2006 and 2012. These plants have a capacities ranging between 125 ML per day to 410 ML per day (45 GL/yr to 150 GL/yr). Another 18 additional smaller plants were also constructed and another 6 are planned or being constructed. Britain is an island nation. It has easy and readily available access to sea water. If the will and money were there, desalination plants could easily be constructed to supply any part of Britain. The other problem that will need to be solved if such plants were to be construction is what energy source will be used to allow the plants to operate. The desalination plant in Perth, Western Australia initially had a dedicated [wind farm][11]. It may still be operating using renewable energy sources for its full production. What happens with London's water supply issues will depend on what the government and water authorities do and how timely they are about it. [1]: https://www.dw.com/en/seeding-clouds-in-china/a-5213511 [2]: http://www.cmar.csiro.au/e-print/open/cloud.htm [3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desalination [4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_flush_toilet [5]: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-42982959 [6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Town_water_crisis [7]: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/08/cape-town-was-90-days-away-from-running-out-of-water-heres-how-it-averted-the-crisis/ [8]: https://time.com/cape-town-south-africa-water-crisis/ [9]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000s_Australian_drought [10]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_desalination_plants_in_Australia [11]: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228491362_Low_energy_consumption_in_the_Perth_seawater_desalination_plant

编辑总结

取消

\ begingroup美元这些策略有前景吗?早些时候我真的感到非常害怕——现在我已经冷静下来了——但从一个不知情的人的角度来看，情况确实很黯淡 \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -FShrike
2021年11月26日22:37
\ begingroup美元这真的取决于政府和水务部门做了什么，以及他们有多及时。2018年，开普敦几乎没有水了。请看我对这个问题的编辑。 \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -弗雷德
2021年11月27日2:05

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