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为什么主流温室气体对全球变暖理论忽视表面的质量?

理论认为,能量吸收二氧化碳返回到地球表面,提高它的温度。
但是,表面质量、地球、土壤、岩石、等,这需要能量如果温度增加。
记住,能量=质量*比热*增加温度

为什么这一点从未提及的理论?它似乎已经被完全忽略了。
埃迪横幅

回答

你可能想稳定状态的描述,如下类似Trenberth图所示。这些是稳态能量_flows_的描述,而不是能源_stores_系统已经积累能量的各种组件及其状态(如温度)已经调整,以消除不平衡在能量流系统。即使在平衡能量继续流过整个系统,从太阳平衡输入输出系统边界热发射到太空。[![在这里输入图像描述][1]][1]由NASA - https://web.archive.org/web/20140421050855/http: / / science-edu.larc.nasa.gov energy_budget /引用勒布et al ., 2009年j .爬,2009年BAMS Trenberth et al,公共领域,https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid = 32285340如果我们改变一下系统,例如增加大气中的二氧化碳,和重新计算的能量流,我们会发现这些流动不再平衡。每个组件有一个净收益或损失的能量。在这一点上我们可以re-diagnose州(如大气和地表温度),将使这个系统恢复平衡。注意没有组件的时间在这个描述,这是诊断系统的初始状态和最终状态响应给定的变化。 Under this model we don’t need to know the details of what the surface is made of, we’re just describing it as something that radiates like a black body with a particular emissivity. But if we want to know how the system transitions between those two balance states then, yes, we will need to know the heat capacities of the various components. Components with larger heat capacities will take longer to transition and accumulate more energy for a given level of energy imbalance than components with smaller heat capacities. > Why is this point never mentioned in the theory? It seems to have been completely ignored. Just taking one example climate model land surface scheme, http://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-677-2011, the surface heat capacity it literally the first term of the first equation in that paper. Similarly, the latest IPCC report (and many of the previous ones, and the references therein) has lots of analysis of this aspect, e.g., Fig TS.13: [![enter image description here][2]][2] IPCC AR6 (2021), Technical Summary ([pdf](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_TS.pdf)), Figure TS.13 (page TS-150). > Where does the extra energy come from? It cannot be created to suit. It can only come from the energy absorbed by the extra CO2 Ah no, this maybe where your confusion lies. The energy comes from the sun, which is a continual external input of energy to the Earth system. An increase in greenhouse gas concentration causes some of that energy to accumulate in the system, changing the system state, until the state has changed to the point that input and output are back in balance. > Energy is required to increase the temperature of the surface, and more energy is required if any is to be radiated. This can only be funded by the extra energy absorbed by the extra CO2 The extra energy cannot be provided by the Sun, because its supply to the surface was already in balance with output before the addition of CO2. Well, specifically, increasing the greenhouse gas concentration reduces the atmospheric transmittance to longwave radiation, which reduces the amount of energy leaving the atmosphere to space and increases the energy content and temperature of the atmosphere. The warmer atmosphere emits more longwave radiation both to space (thereby weakening the initial top-of-atmosphere imbalance) and to the surface. The latter changes the surface energy budget through the downwelling longwave term, reducing the _net_ loss of energy from the surface by longwave exchange and increasing in the energy content and temperature of the surface. But while the "back radiation" may be the route through which surface temperature increases, the sun is the origin of all the energy flowing through the diagram at the top. [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/dKD3g.jpg [2]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ey25c.png

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\ begingroup美元谢谢你的回复,Deditos,对论文的引用M J最好处理朱尔斯模型等。gmd.copernicus.org/articles/4/677/2011/gmd - 4 - 677 - 2011. - pdf本文,的确提到表面热容在680页。它描述了三个不同的尝试使朱尔斯同意实际数据模型。前两个试图假定表面热容值为零;第三次尝试给改进的协议,但价值,可悲的是,没有。因此,本文认为能力是真实的,但不是零。空间! ! \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -埃迪横幅
2022年3月11日,在十九21
\ begingroup美元继续说。为什么空间有限?因此,一个适当的治疗表面热容必须包括在任何合理的理论。能量是需要增加表面的温度,需要更多的能量,如果任何辐射。这只能由额外的能量吸收多余的二氧化碳所提供的额外的能量不能被太阳,因为它的表面已经在平衡提供输出前的二氧化碳。 \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -埃迪横幅
2022年3月11日19:32
\ begingroup美元嗨,Deditos,你说“温室气体浓度的增加导致一些能量积累的系统”。这只能在表面,供应表面必须是共享的,不知何故,实际上btween加热表面和辐射提供能量。这是一个改编自Kirhhof 'Law。 \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -埃迪横幅
2022年3月11日,在十九38
\ begingroup美元我已经要求两个廷德尔中心,一个在曼联,一个在东安格利亚的物理解释如何从输出额外的能量吸收多余的二氧化碳从地球表面的辐射会导致地表温度的增加。我没有收到任何回复! !但是,这是一个基本点在IPCC理论中,它真的需要一个满意的解释。不只是一个假设或断言。是关于上面提到的朱尔斯模型甚至尝试用比热容值为零的一个真正的表面必须包含质量。 \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -埃迪横幅
2022年3月12日,在37

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