编辑-地球科学江南体育网页版堆栈交换江南电子竞技平台

你不是登录．您的编辑将被放置在队列中，直到完成同行评议．

我们欢迎编辑，使文章更容易理解和更有价值的读者。因为社区成员会审查编辑，所以请尽量让帖子比你发现它的时候更好，例如，通过修改语法或添加额外的资源和超链接。

牧师

在米德湖的部分地区盖上大面积的气泡膜能减少水分蒸发损失吗?

最近我一直在思考，由于近年来的历史性干旱条件导致米德湖的水分蒸发率很高，水位是如何持续下降的。米德湖水位的持续下降威胁到胡佛水坝的关闭，也威胁到拉斯维加斯的供水，因为他们大部分的饮用水都来自米德湖。

作为这个问题的短期解决方案，我认为美国陆军工程兵团开始在米德湖表面铺设长片气泡膜以减少水的蒸发速度可能是值得的。大量的水蒸气会被困在气泡膜下面，这应该会减少蒸发损失的水量。

我相信，大量的气泡膜可以很快生产出来，特别是如果美国政府补贴全国各地的气泡膜制造商，如果他们也支付从这些工厂到米德湖的运输费用。美国政府还可以支付船只和船员在湖上部署气泡膜的费用。

米德湖的面积为247平方英里，用气泡膜覆盖它的表面可能太昂贵了。然而，即使只有33%的湖面可以被覆盖，这仍然应该对减少蒸发损失的水量产生重大影响。

一旦干旱结束，米德湖的水位恢复到正常水平，这些船就会回到湖上收集气泡膜，并将其储存在仓库中，以备将来再次需要时使用。

在米德湖的部分地区盖上大面积的气泡膜能减少水分蒸发损失吗?

回答

蒸发需要能量(~680千瓦时/立方米水)，一如既往，这主要是由太阳提供。在米德湖，我估计每年大约有2000千瓦时/平方米的太阳辐射。一个高度反光的气泡膜(例如在顶部的救生箔)将是一个重大的改进。因此，黑影球实际上应该是白色的，以保持水的最佳冷却。有趣的是，发明者的名字叫布莱恩·怀特，反照率和气候科学对他来说是陌生的词。(这个想法来自现已退休的LADWP生物学家布莱恩·怀特)。但在强风、海浪或冰雹中，气泡膜会发生什么变化呢?或者当一个醉酒的水手驾驶摩托艇在漆黑多雾的夜晚迷失方向?海洋、河流和湖泊中漂浮着如此多的塑料，仅仅因为这个原因，我就对这两种解决方案都感到厌恶。因此，更好的解决方案是浮动PV-(T)，它易于在较小的地块安装和维护。 And because solar cells become less efficient as they heat up, the water's cooling effect can increase their conversion ability by as much as 20 percent - [*Putting Solar Panels on Water Is a Great Idea—but Will It Float?*][1] If you look at such a floating construction (see photos in the link) energetically, each m² of photovoltaic module cools the lake by ~2000KWh and, with an optimized construction, can also offer relatively good wind and evaporation protection for the water surface under the raft. The annual electricity production of ~ 500 kWh/m² means up to 0.5 TWh/y on a 1 km² PV systems and an estimated 1.5 million m³ of water that does not evaporate and can additionally rush through the turbines of the Hover Dam. - Since there are certainly hours when the power station has to hold current peaks on a sunny day, although not so much water would be needed downstream. Those are the times when solar power turns into water saving and 1 km² PV modules with max. ~ 250 MW output can replace a turbine with 100 m³/sec throughput at midday. 100 such hours/y gigantic 36 million m³ can possibly be retained in the lake. 10% of Lake Mead (64km²) covered can thus reduce at least 100-150 million m³ of evaporation & discharge. While that's only a ~20 cm gain/yr in water level of Lake Mead, if other lakes like Lake Powell upstream and downstream in the Colorado River catchment practice the same policy, this can save many of the water bodies threatened by drying up from catastrophe.This could and must be combined with other policies such as: - Save water consumption! - Replace drinking water with rainwater from the roof - in winter, the lake can be cooled with heat pumps and district heating can supply many adjacent consumers with CO<sub>2</sub>-free heat - in summer the lake stays cooler and then supplies the same consumers with cold. Actually, evaporation is IMHO for the world climate an important, beneficial process for cooling the earth's surface and for cloud formation. We should therefore definitely invest part of the water saving in vegetation and wildlife, which is also under great pressure due to the drought, and also always represents a CO<sub>2</sub> store. How to set up effective protection against drought AND flooding through intelligent water management can be read here: https://climate-protecion-hardware.webnode.page/english/ Thinking globally water retention and an intensification of evaporation and thus cloud formation even has the potential to lower sea level rise and earth temperature. !!! [1]: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/putting-solar-panels-on-water-is-a-great-idea-mdash-but-will-it-float/

编辑总结

取消

添加评论 |

纠正小的拼写错误
阐明意思而不改变它
添加相关资源或链接
总是尊重作者的意图
不要用编辑回复作者

使用反撇号'或波浪号~创建代码围栏
' ' '
像这样
' ' '
添加语言标识符以突出显示代码
”“python
def函数(foo):
打印(foo)
' ' '
在段落之间放置返回
对于换行符，末尾加2个空格
_italic_或* *的* *
通过将>放在行开始来引用
要建立链接(尽可能使用HTTPS)
< https://example.com >
(例子)(https://example.com)
< a href = " https://example.com " > < / >示例
MathJax方程罪\ \ ^ 2θ美元

格式帮助:
回答帮助:

MathJax help»