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为什么是潮汐之间的时间间隔不规则?

看德国北海的潮汐日历,我不知道为什么时间之间的时间间隔不规则。互联网搜索导致页面说潮汐应定期24小时50分钟周期,但当看着每一列,16到86分钟之间的变化有所不同。这是为什么呢?

回答

大卫Hammen的回答所示,不同地区的主导潮流变化和每个潮汐成分的大小会改变。北海的潮流是相对较好理解和地图的主要成分(M_2美元)可以从许多来源。例如,[雷诺和Dalrymple (2012)] [1] [![M2北海地图][2]][2]地图M_2(主要月球半日)美元潮无潮系统在北海。同潮时线是垂直于沿海地区,这意味着浪潮与海岸平行传播,创造潮流,也是coast-parallel。潮差增加外从每个无潮点(点振幅为零的潮汐组成;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphidromic_point),最高的潮汐范围内湾,如德国湾。现在,如果我们选择水位时间序列(由德国提供[联邦海事和水文机构][3])在北海的一个特定点(Borkum、德国)在过去的几周,我们也可以看到不同的水位和变化的峰值的大小取决于潮汐的主要成分(M_2和S_2美元美元)阶段或阶段。[![水位在Borkum][4]][4]我们可以更进一步,进行(谐波分析)[5]的水位时间序列量化每个潮汐成分的大小显著(大于5厘米)导致水位振荡。 ``` Tide Description Period (h) Amplitude (m) Phase (degrees GMT) O1 Lunar diurnal 25.82 0.0930 233.46 K1 Lunar/solar diurnal 23.93 0.0875 51.20 M2 Lunar semidiurnal 12.42 1.1440 306.06 S2 Solar semidiurnal 12.00 0.2978 49.81 M4 1st Overtide of M2 6.21 0.0789 82.87 M6 2nd Overtide of M2 3.10 0.0658 276.37 ``` The main constituent, as expected, is the $M_2$ with over 1 meter of amplitude (tidal range will be double that). The second largest constituent, with about 30 cm amplitude, is the $S_2$. So when high values of the $M_2$ and $S_2$ coincide in time, the total magnitude will be the addition of the two (~1.44m), while when the 2 are out of phase, then the total magnitude will be decreased. Now as they peak at different times you might have that the space of time between successive high tides will not match either 12.42 hours or 12.00 hours. Additionally, the diurnal tides ($O_1$, $K_1$; periods around 24 hours) have a magnitude of about 10 cm and they will also shift the timing of the peak high tide. Finally, the overtides ($M_4$, $M_6$; shallow water constituents caused by the interaction of the main components with terrain or other constituents) have magnitudes of about 7 cm in this location and they will also contribute to the intensification of some of the high tides, but should not alter their timing. Reference: Reynaud, J.Y. and Dalrymple, R.W., 2012. Shallow-marine tidal deposits. In Principles of tidal sedimentology (pp. 335-369). Springer, Dordrecht. [1]: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234167661_Shallow-Marine_Tidal_Deposits [2]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/n6ttU.png [3]: https://www.bsh.de/EN/Home/home_node.html [4]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/j2U7n.png [5]: https://www.vims.edu/research/units/labgroups/tc_tutorial/tide_analysis.php

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