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石英晶体,为什么喜欢和钻石,形成不同的颜色吗?

一些晶体,石英和钻石等形式在各种不同的颜色。例如,石英可以说清楚,雾蒙蒙的,粉红色,黄色,甚至是蓝色的。

发生在晶体形成的一种颜色或另一个吗?

回答

我想详细的* *化学* *问题Azzie罗杰斯的答案。你可以把化学着色分成三个主要部分*(可能还有更多,但是这些都是重要的)*:* *夹杂物* *大,固体晶体可以有细小的夹杂物的其他固体矿物质。通常这些夹杂物太小单独通过肉眼观察。微观方法、光学或电子通常需要正确识别夹杂物。尽管如此,当晶体在宏观范围内看,矿物包裹体给他们的特征颜色。这是一个很好的例子:![在这里输入图像描述][1]<一口>([无花果。4 Anenburg *。* 2014)[2]) < /一口>你可以看到蓝色的天青石(硫酸锶)的底部,和白色方解石(碳酸钙)。界面显示为红色,橙红色。原因是小微米大小的夹杂物的存在的铁氧化物(*。*生锈)。注意,铁氧化物矿物不同,如。* hematite, goethite, etc. Mineral inclusions can sometimes cause even more spectacular effects, such as asterism: ![enter image description here][3] ([source: Charles Tilford][4]) In this case, the cause are tiny inclusions of rutile (titanium oxide). **Crystal field theory** (allochromatism) The crystal field theory explains, among other things, what happens to light as it encounters metals in different structural configurations inside a crystal. Keeping the complicated terminology at minimum (*energy level splitting yay!*), what basically happens is that different metal cations (positively charged atoms) in a crystalline structure absorb different wavelengths of light. The identity of the metal is not the only important thing: a paramount factor is the number of oxygen atoms that surround the metal atoms and their shape (be it a tetrahedron, octahedron, etc.) These metals are not part of of the formal chemical composition of the mineral. Instead, they replace other atoms in the mineral by very little amounts. For example, ruby is a mineral composed of aluminum oxide. If you take just a bit of this aluminum and replace it with chromium (less than 1% is enough), it becomes vivid red. Note that in contrast to inclusions, we are talking about different metals *in the same mineral*, and not inclusions of *different minerals*. A digestible explanation with some nice photographs and applets can be found here: http://www.chm.davidson.edu/vce/coordchem/cft.html **Idiochromatism** This is the case where the color of the mineral is not dictated by trace amounts of metals in an otherwise colorless mineral (see the ruby example above), but rather by the major chemical constituents of the mineral. A great example is copper, which gives strong green colors to some minerals that contain it (*e.g.* malachite): ![Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0 [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons][5] ([Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0 \[CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)\], via Wikimedia Commons][6]) Or the red color of cinnabar, given by mercury: ![Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0 [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons][7] ([Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0 \[CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)\], via Wikimedia Commons][8]) [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/H0178.jpg [2]: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0016756813000800 [3]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/fb9Jv.jpg [4]: https://www.flickr.com/photos/charlestilford/2328058336/ [5]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/4V4z9.jpg [6]: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AMalachite-41365.jpg [7]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/EYEkC.jpg [8]: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Cinnabar-157604.jpg

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\ begingroup美元 + 1你一手重振我爱地球化学的味道! \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -user889
2014年11月10日在9:26
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\ begingroup美元那美丽的!你说它美丽和添加图片真的太棒了!:) \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -文学士
2014年11月20日16:29

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