编辑-地球科学江南体育网页版堆栈交换江南电子竞技平台

你不是登录。你的编辑将被放置在一个队列,直到同行评议。

我们欢迎编辑,使读者更容易理解和更有价值。因为社区成员审查编辑,请尽量使文章更好比你怎么发现,例如,通过修正语法或添加额外的资源和超链接。

牧师

为什么会有如此多的石油在沙特阿拉伯、委内瑞拉和加拿大,但几乎没有在欧洲吗?

为什么一些国家有大量的石油储量,而一些别人不?

回答

地图中显示的已探明石油储量的问题是在当前条件下可以提取。然而,这真的是向你展示石油储量的分布在政治意义上,这不是石油储备的来源的基础。相反,你应该看看负责石油储量的地质。我喜欢这里的描述:http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2013/ph240/malyshev2/ >地区古老的前寒武纪火成岩岩石暴露在地球表面被称为盾牌。世界石油储量不是发现的盾牌但在造山带地区构造板块之间经验变形部队由于板块的运动。这些力量创建盆地:地区的深沉积岩必要生产石油。沉积岩的部队还变形导致的陷阱所必需的油气聚集。盆地和造山带与许多石油达到区域:东部和西部的成本,美国在波斯湾,乌拉尔山脉,在里海,在西伯利亚,在非洲的北部。更多信息的来源石油储备也在这里找到http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum >石油是一种化石燃料的形成源于古代化石有机材料,如浮游动物和藻类。大量的这些仍是解决海洋或湖的底部,在缺氧条件下混合沉积物和被埋葬。 As further layers settled to the sea or lake bed, intense heat and pressure build up in the lower regions. This process caused the organic matter to change, first into a waxy material known as kerogen, which is found in various oil shales around the world, and then with more heat into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons via a process known as catagenesis. Formation of petroleum occurs from hydrocarbon pyrolysis in a variety of mainly endothermic reactions at high temperature and/or pressure. There were certain warm nutrient-rich environments such as the Gulf of Mexico and the ancient Tethys Sea where the large amounts of organic material falling to the ocean floor exceeded the rate at which it could decompose. This resulted in large masses of organic material being buried under subsequent deposits such as shale formed from mud. This massive organic deposit later became heated and transformed under pressure into oil. > > Three conditions must be present for oil reservoirs to form: a source rock rich in hydrocarbon material buried deep enough for subterranean heat to cook it into oil, a porous and permeable reservoir rock for it to accumulate in, and a cap rock (seal) or other mechanism that prevents it from escaping to the surface. Within these reservoirs, fluids will typically organize themselves like a three-layer cake with a layer of water below the oil layer and a layer of gas above it, although the different layers vary in size between reservoirs. Because most hydrocarbons are less dense than rock or water, they often migrate upward through adjacent rock layers until either reaching the surface or becoming trapped within porous rocks (known as reservoirs) by impermeable rocks above. However, the process is influenced by underground water flows, causing oil to migrate hundreds of kilometres horizontally or even short distances downward before becoming trapped in a reservoir. When hydrocarbons are concentrated in a trap, an oil field forms, from which the liquid can be extracted by drilling and pumping. [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/VCEp1.jpg

编辑总结

取消

1

\ begingroup美元这个答案是只显示的地图估计未发现的石油。不显示已知的石油,比如在阿拉斯加,德克萨斯州,北达科他州。最大的石油生产国(美国)显示零石油。 \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -DavePhD
2014年11月26日13:31
\ begingroup美元很好的观点,被移除。 \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -f.thorpe ♦
2014年11月26日16:59

添加一个评论 |

正确的小错误或错误
澄清的意思,而不更改它
添加相关资源或链接
总是尊重作者的意图
不使用编辑与作者回复

创建代码用引号”或式子~篱笆
' ' '
像这样
' ' '
添加语言标识符来突出显示的代码
”“python
def函数(foo):
打印(foo)
' ' '
把段落之间的回报
在结束linebreak添加2个空间
_italic_或* *的* *
报价将>开始的
做链接(尽量使用https)
< https://example.com >
(例子)(https://example.com)
< a href = " https://example.com " > < / >示例
MathJax方程罪\ \ ^ 2θ美元

格式帮助»
回答帮助»

MathJax帮助»