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应该从地震中提取小波或测井合成痕迹的一代吗?

合成材料是由卷积生成与已知子波反射率系列。我看到大多数小波提取地震资料本身。有没有硬性规则,或者可以从测井曲线中提取小波吗?如果是给更好的结果的相关性?小波提取地震和测井数据?

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* *地震,但是……* *有很多估计小波的方法。没有人仅仅依靠测井,因为他们不包含任何关于小波的信息。一些纯粹是统计方法,使用地震数据,其中一些使用地震和测井。# # #背景我推荐阅读你可以什么小波提取。特别是这些([看到这些链接][1]):-布朗(2001)。调整自己到你的数据!一个至关重要的第一步解释。*物探* 49岁,729 - 733 p。登,R和H赛普维达(1999)。 The significance of phase to the interpreter: practical guidelines for phase analysis. *The Leading Edge* 18, July 1999, p 774–777. - Simm, R and R White (2002), Tutorial: Phase, polarity and the interpreter's wavelet. *First Break* 20 (5), p 277–281. - White R, and R Simm (2003). Tutorial: Good practice in well ties. *First Break* 21 (10), p 75–83. ### Workflow My approach, for what it's worth, is as follows: 1. Establish that your seismic data are zero phase. See [this wiki article][2] and [this tutorial][3]. 1. Tie your wells with a purely statistical zero-phase wavelet until you know better. A [Ricker][4] is fine for most impulsive data. Don't bother with autocorrelation. Don't bother with mixed-phase. Once you've found the best one, don't change it from well to well. 1. Take your best well ties (maybe the best 10 or 20 percent), and check them. 1. Try extracting zero-phase wavelets from your best data, preferably near angle stack, and unfiltered (e.g. by *fk*, which processors love) — you don't want any spectral shaping nonsense. Only use the zone of interest, but at least about 1000 ms of data. Avoid the near surface. 1. Average all the wavelets you got and tie all your wells with this wavelet. The ties should improve in most cases. Note: Step 4 usually involves estimating the wavelet from the seismic data, using the reflectivity from the wells. It's basically the reverse of making a synthetic: `seismic / reflectivity = wavelet`, where `/` denotes deconvolution. ### *Caveat interpretor* I would complete the workflow for each seismic survey (e.g. a 3D, or all lines in a 2D). Your goal is to use a single wavelet for each survey. This goal reflects the assumptions in this workflow: - The reflectivity is random. - The wavelet is zero-phase or minimum-phase. - The wavelet is stationary (invariant in space and time). None of these assumptions hold (Ziolkowski, 1991; Why don’t we measure seismic signatures? *Geophysics* 56, 190–201; [see also this thesis][5]). This is what makes it fun! Your job is to cope with this without breaking the laws of physics or what we know about geology. [1]: http://subsurfwiki.org/wiki/Must-read_geophysics#Interpretation [2]: http://subsurfwiki.org/wiki/Phase_determination [3]: http://library.seg.org/doi/abs/10.1190/tle33101164.1 [4]: http://subsurfwiki.org/wiki/Ricker_wavelet [5]: http://www.crewes.org/ResearchLinks/GraduateTheses/1999/Dey-MSc-1999.pdf

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