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为什么云深在下雨?

什么导致了云的深点的颜色(灵气)即将下雨吗?Non-precipitating云(例如,积云,层云)往往是白色,但雨云在下雨之前成为灰色,几乎黑色。不同的云是什么?

积雨云

资料来源:维基百科。

回答

晴天积云是白色的,因为有一个清晰的路径云阳光反射到你的眼睛。即使有很多人,他们并不是垂直开发和光子仍然可以分散掉的你。积云发展成高耸的积云和积雨云成为水平普遍很高(严重对流过度到平流层的上衣和热带对流可以更高,由于更高的对流层顶)。一个发达CB云还有铁砧。这些云也是光学厚,密度与cloudwater,雨,雪和冰。为云出现白色,代表整个可见光谱光子必须能够到达你的眼睛。可观的光学厚云的厚度、传播不是一个选项。注意,云的物理厚度和密度将增加它的光学厚度。这意味着,如果云大小不改变,但是越来越大的雨滴在云中,它将光学厚,显得更黑。如果没有一条路径从太阳表面的云可以看到,散射不是一个选项。 Water emits in the infrared, so emission isn't an option. If visible photons cannot arrive at your eye from the cloud, then the cloud will appear dark. The presence of hydrometeors (rain drops, snow, hail) in a rain cloud will further decrease transmission and darken the cloud. Putting it together, as that white cumulus grows and becomes tens of thousands of feet tall, it will still appear white if the sun is on your side of the cloud. It will appear darker if the sun is behind the cloud (transmission through the cloud). As the cloud becomes horizontally thick, transmission will decrease, darkening the cloud if you aren't in a position to observe scattering. Once an anvil starts to form, if you are anywhere near the storm you are likely in shadow and there probably isn't a path for scattering sun->cloud->eye. In the picture you posted it appears the sun is behind the storm. You can see the anvil in the upper left part of the image is bright white on its edge where you can see scattering from the sun. As you see the anvil toward the storm it darkens because now you are seeing photons transmitted through the anvil, and less are making it to your eye. The updraft is colored similarly, with some light areas with scattering and the bulk of the surface quite dark due to no scattering and low transmission. Under the storm you see some bright clouds via scattering from the sun. You can see this spectrum doesn't appear quite white, a consequence of different wavelengths scattering differently (and this effect can give rise to the green aura people associate with hail, which is really just related to having tall storms causing long path lengths and multiple scattering necessary for photons to reach your eye).

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\ begingroup美元我认为缺少一点你的观点是液滴的大小。那些云不仅出现深色,因为他们的大小,但也因为他们有更大的水滴。 \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -gerrit ♦
2015年6月24日在火灾

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