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地下河流/小溪流动枯竭时在表面吗?

在我当地有一条小溪,在夏天完全枯竭,流动强烈在冬天。的情况,在小溪的位置枯竭,它继续流动的地下?

如果以相同的轨迹为溪吗?在典型的深处开始流动的“转发”吗?

回答

要回答这个问题,我先备份,谈论发生了什么雨,流流然后会发生什么当河流干涸。下雨时,雨水落到地面上或树/植物和蒸发之前流的地方支安打,之前它沉入土壤很远。一些进入土壤,但被植物根状和* *回大气层。我们不需要为这个问题担心这些组件。雨流的一些地面,或多或少的*片流*和最终合并成小流路径小溪或河流。这就叫做*径流*。通常,一些雨水会进入地面和流表* *水,这是表面的饱和地下水* *。我指的是永久的水在地下岩石或沉积物中的所有空白空间是完全注满水(有一些不同的地下水的定义,包括不饱和区但我会让他们分开)。地下水流动* downgradient *在重力下向流,河,湖,或海岸。之间存在一种模糊情况下非饱和土壤水流,向下移动或侧向直到它集中在*表层含水层*或流渗流的脸。 That water will discharge to the surface water system. Importantly, it typically reaches the surface water more quickly than the groundwater flow but slower than the runoff. Its often called *quickflow*, *interflow*, or *perched flow*. Let's not worry about this too much - you can think of it as slow runoff or fast groundwater that kind of smears out the streamflow peaks. Streamflow, then, is mostly made up of these 3 components. Why do streams flow between rain storms? It does take runoff some time to reach the stream and flow downstream so it doesn't stop instantly but it goes away the fastest of the three. Quickflow will keep going a bit longer and depends a lot on the geology, soils, and topography. Simplistically, it will keep streams flowing longer than pure runoff would. Saturated groundwater is a slower process in terms of its discharge to a stream and, particularly for big rivers can keep them flowing year round. The first take-away message is the groundwater and surface water are interconnected - at least in the big picture. A couple of interesting things can happen to the groundwater-surface water connection. First, there might not be enough groundwater flow to keep it discharging to a stream, either seasonally like your creek or permanently in some places. If the stream still has water it can reverse the connection and lose water to the groundwater - a *losing stream* instead of a *gaining stream*. Without more rain or flow from upslope the stream will dry up. In some cases the groundwater level can drop faster than the stream drains into the sediments and the system can become *disconnected*. The groundwater flow direction shifts so it is not towards the stream but towards a more regional discharge location. Since streams also flow down to the regional surface water system, the groundwater will often take a similar path but overall I don't think of it as an underground stream. Finally though, things aren't always that straight-forward. One thing that often happens is that valleys fill up with sediments that are more permeable than surrounding sediments or rock formations and allow more flow. In that case the groundwater flow is mostly along the stream flow direction in the valleys and stream bed. It then looks similar to an underground river. That can happen when the river or creek is flowing or when it stops. The fancy word for it when the river is flowing (particularly when you are talking about pretty local scale effects) is *hyporheic* flow - meaning flow below the river. So that's probably more than you wanted to know, but for your creek it might go each year from pretty much all runoff, to gaining groundwater, to losing to the groundwater, to disconnected, to dry with some subsurface flow through the stream bed to more overall groundwater flow that doesn't see any influence from the stream location. But it depends on the weather, the sediments, how steep the land surface is, and perhaps some other complicating factors.

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\ begingroup美元需要考虑的一个因素是,在一些地方,像内华达(我住的地方),大多数的降水是不下雨,但随着冬天的雪。所以一条小溪的水主要来自融雪直接移动到地下水,然后渗入下坡,直到它进入小溪从温泉等等。 \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -jamesqf
2015年7月10日17:53
\ begingroup美元好教师解释quickflow和充电。 \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -user2821
2015年7月11日在18:19
\ begingroup美元是的融雪是另一个因素。你可以得到更多的径流,尤其是地面仍处于冻结状态,或者就像你说的诱导更多的补给和地下水。积雪是一个重要的水储存在山区和融雪保持水流进入夏天。 \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -haresfur
2015年7月12日22:33

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