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冥王星表面的年轻的机制

根据最近的报告(如。在自然),冥王星是地质活动。它有一些机制,其表面“回收”。我原来以为我们有类似木星的卫星欧罗巴:潮汐能导致月球flex上下所有能量然后被释放出来,摩擦和热量,保持理论水下海洋欧罗巴。

我们不能使用这种机制对于冥王星,因为它是锁着的摆渡的船夫,也是地质活跃。如果矮行星有一些内部的热量,其密度太小,已经持续了数十亿年;在这种情况下,火星应该仍是地质活动。

有人知道是什么让冥王星活跃还是科学家们仍在试图找出?

回答

*新视野号*飞越前,一个受欢迎的冥王星的表面模型涉及霜迁移。[Delsanti & Jewitt (2006)] (http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/ ~ Jewitt /论文/ 2006 / DJ06.pdf)解释说,在一年中的不同的点,应该有季节性大气压力的变化。这引起的变化程度的氮和甲烷冰表面上,在很长一段时间——记住,冥王星已经很长一段革命——改变当地的地理位置。作者还提到【冰火山】(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryovolcano)作为补充的潜在来源的甲烷被宇宙射线。[三连晶(2016)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1601.02833)讨论了冰火山和另外两个流程方法来重现冥王星和删除陨石坑:- * *粘性放松。* *冰表面上的“流”,消除某些表面形成。- * *对流推翻。* *温度对流细胞的差异导致粘性流动与放松。- * *冰火山。* *除了释放甲烷(和潜在的氮),冰火山能加热部分的表面,融化的冰,然后侵蚀特征。到目前为止,(两个cryovolcano候选人已经初步确认)(http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/News-Article.php?page=20151109),皮卡德蒙斯和赖特隆起:! [](http://i.imgur.com/O4aB5Nb.png) <一口>图像从自然[* *](http://www.nature.com/news/icy -火山可能-点-冥王星表面- 1.18756); image credit NASA/SWRI/JHUAPL. The cryovolcanic situation on Pluto may be closer to that of [Enceladus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus) than that of Europa. [Plumes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus#South_polar_plumes) were observed on Enceladus’s south pole by *Cassini*, which appear to be cryovolcanic in nature: [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/False_color_Cassini_image_of_jets_in_the_southern_hemisphere_of_Enceladus.jpg)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:False_color_Cassini_image_of_jets_in_the_southern_hemisphere_of_Enceladus.jpg) False color photograph of Enceladus’s south pole jets. Image in the public domain. Tidal heating is thought to be a large contributor to the heat necessary to trigger the plumes. However, this is likely not enough. One explanation is [the hot start model](http://www.astrobio.net/topic/solar-system/saturn/enceladus/a-hot-start-on-enceladus/), popular for many years, in which Enceladus initially generated enormous internal heat through the decay of radioactive isotopes of aluminum and iron. Other elements that are slower to decay could then have provided more heat as the aluminum and iron stopped producing heat. The subsurface ocean that may have resulted on Enceladus could also exist on Pluto, according to [Hussmann et al. (2006)](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tilman_Spohn/publication/225019299_Subsurface_Oceans_and_Deep_Interiors_of_Medium-Sized_Outer_Planet_Satellites_and_Large_Trans-Neptunian_Objects/links/55018a3a0cf24cee39f7b952.pdf). This is only one possible explanation for a heat source to power cryovolcanism, but there does need to be some sub-surface process on both Enceladus and Pluto that can cause these effects. The hot start model is a good option.

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