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气候变化将如何影响大气中温度梯度的三维分布?

递减率是速率温度随高度减小。我所说的“3 d”分布,分布在所有纬度,经度,高度。

气候变化将改变两极的递减率比热带地区?会增加湿度是主要的原因,还是有其他原因?

回答

(石头和卡尔森,1978][1]表明递减率取决于纬度(即阳光入射角和强度)和压力而不是温度。阳光模式驱动循环模式的主要影响空气温度与海拔高度:>在湿对流主导的低纬度地区,递减率同意>与潮湿的绝热温度梯度;并在高纬度地区>斜压涡流占主导地位,递减率同意密切>关键递减率气压的调整。纬度确定每日温度变化由于太阳能。这让我相信平均温度的变化(由于气候变化)不会影响递减率,太阳能发病率由于纬度(与全球变暖不会改变)。然而,仍有增加的潜在影响湿度温度的增加引起的。递减率的分析测量在破碎的地形在华盛顿州([看守者,Mote, Lundquist 2010][2])展示了潮湿和干燥条件之间的差异在迎风和太Ranier背风面。计算产量递减率上山的季节这个图表:[![在这里输入图像描述][3]][3]有三个不同的数据集:固体黑色是相同的a, b和递减率的测量在2006 - 2007年。灰色的圆圈数据集从a和灰色三角形从b是两个来自不同来源的历史数据集。 The dashed lines in each data set are on the leeward (dry) side of the mountain, the solid lies on the windward (wet). As you can see, the seasonal variance is present in all three datasets; as the sun comes more nearly overhead in the summer lapse rate goes up. Also notice that for the leeward data, the lapse rate peaks in Jun, when the sun is highest in the sky, as opposed to July and August, when temperatures are high. That reinforces the thesis that sun angle is dominant over temperature. However, the other bit of relevant data is that the wet side of the mountains has significantly less annual variability in lapse rate than the dry side. This implies that humidity changes due to global warming will indeed cause changes in lapse rate. In conclusion, I believe that temperature changes due to climate change will not significantly alter lapse rate; but humidity changes will. However, since humidity changes due to climate change are likely to be much more local and variable than the more globally even increases in temperature, lapse rate changes should be local and variable as well. So to answer the question directly, the '3D' changes in lapse rate will probably not be significant, in that there will not be a clear global trend across all latitudes, longitudes, and altitudes. However, local changes may be significant depending on local humidity changes. [1]: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0469%281979%29036%3C0415%3AALRRAT%3E2.0.CO%3B2 [2]: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2009JD013493/full [3]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/JJoJM.png

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