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为什么冷比海平面在山里吗?

这是我听过无数的原因。我只是想知道哪一个是正确的。

回答

传统的回答基本上可以归结为绝热冷却的物理概念,描述的是:——你没有那么大的压力,在大气中(主要是由于更少的空气压得喘不过气来)——空气占用更多的体积较低的压力——因为没有什么其他供应扩张所需要的能量,能量使用的空气的温度(空气分子运动的量)。结果就是更高空气冷却器通过10 C /公里(干燥的空气……水分释放热量,减少冷却到约6 C /公里),但总的来说,* *空气冷却器高层大气中* *。这肯定是动力学解释为什么空气温度会随着你的整个对流层(唯一一层大气的在我们的生活中我们一般遇到……其他事情做在其他层……如臭氧收集和重新发行来自太阳的能量在同温层,实际上引起气候变暖的高度)。然而,似乎这实际上低于典型的解释。因为如果你注意的措辞,“因为更高的大气中的空气冷却器”短语,它实际上没有回答这个问题。因为所有的位置你考虑表面的位置,无论是在海平面或在山上。和表层基本上所有吸收对流层的阳光对流层(吸收的太阳辐射可以忽略不计)。 And after all, mountainous places receive the same amount solar energy as lower elevation sites (in fact, technically a tiny bit more, that tiny tiny bit I mentioned that the troposphere takes out for sea-level locations). Where am I going with this? If the ground gets the same energy. And if it's made of the same material and has the same color, it would therefore gain the same amount of temperature. And then the air's heating comes up from the ground below. So then, once again, why are mountains cooler?!? Because of their **EXPOSURE**. Air predominantly flows horizontally rather than vertically (basically consider this an effect of gravity and the resultant air density distribution). And it's that horizontal wind that changes everything. Because most sites on mountains are generally quite proximate (at least regionally) to places where winds will blow in air that was higher above the lower elevation ground surface, and thus colder. The air on mountains, with limited protection (and because winds are higher aloft) is mixed strongly with the neighboring adiabatically cooler air that's sitting above the sea-level sites. Just for more convincing this is vital, I invite you to look at these climatographs comparing two cities in the US. [![2 cities, red data taken from NOAA, blue from Intellicast][1]][1] What are these towns? Red: Wendover, Utah (elevation 4,291', latitude 40.73° N) Blue: Latrobe, Pennsylvania (elevation 997', 40.32° N) Over a km difference in height. So you'd expect Latrobe to be about 18°F warmer. But it isn't. Instead it's cooler (especially during summer afternoons, which average up around 10 degrees apart). Why? Because a lot of the intermountain west is actually quite a wide flat elevated basin\plateau. So in the central part of this area, there isn't as much exposure to the colder air coming in from places with lower topography. Rest assured, it was very hard to find examples like this. You need a very wide flat elevated area, which is fairly uncommon. Plus just the right place to compare to for emphasis. There are other common factors that do enhance the cold predilection on mountains, including the lower moisture content at elevation, the often lighter land color of raised terrain, and the increased cloud coverage due to air rising orographically. *But the fundamental reason it is colder on mountains is **adiabatic cooling** and the **exposure** of raised locations to that colder air.* [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/4Qckj.png

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\ begingroup美元我认为还有其他的因素需要考虑在你的比较。主要的一个是湿度的影响。大部分的山间西方相当干燥,导致更广泛的昼夜温差,即使每日平均是相同的。 \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -jamesqf
2016年11月5日18:52
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\ begingroup美元水分肯定是一个复杂的因素。我能想到的3直接影响一个位置:潜热通量表面在空中(冷却)、云(可能整体冷却)和水蒸气的温室(气候变暖)。我试图找到信息在本地这些因素在文学的贡献你的评论后,但是没有找到。但我相信水分在大多数地方的净效应(远离不平衡昼夜海洋、陆地的微风)通常是很小的每日平均温度(白天温度降低,增加在夜间)。水分甚至可能给拉筹伯净温室效应。 \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -JeopardyTempest
2016年11月6日22:04
\ begingroup美元当然挑战找到其他因素很小的地方。我想找两个地方,只有一个纬度上的差异\海拔\ \平流政权区域海拔差异,但不幸的是他们通常相当互联。说,即使这些网站之间的水分是一个很大的影响,重点将仍然有效。温多弗拉特罗布应该20华氏度超过如果它只是干绝热差异。即使在干燥的冬季,事实并非如此。 \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -JeopardyTempest
2016年11月6日23:08

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