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为什么地球和金星大气层不同?

金星似乎是最接近地球的质量,密度,尺寸等。——尽管他们显然有不同的大气。为什么地球和金星大气层不同?

回答

* *注:这种反应是没有引用。以后我会尽量添加它们。* * < br >没有明确的答案。然而,有很多猜测。不管原因是什么,地球是明显无效的碳比金星。的CO 2 <子> < /订阅>金星大气中对应于一个0.88公里厚层碳酸盐岩。地球的岩石圈(岩石圈+海洋大气)集体包含大约一半的碳量,几乎所有被关在岩石层。金星大气中大量的碳和碳在地球大气层的缺乏是主要的因素,区分这两个大气压。行星形成* *。末的假说有关地球是大碰撞假说的形成。 Multiple simulations suggest that this collision had to be rather oblique. An oblique collision between a Mars-sized body and a not-quite Earth-sized body would have drastically changed the Earth's rotation rate prior to and after that collision. If the Earth was rotating very fast prior to the collision, that fast rotation combined with the collision could have resulted in the Earth losing a large chunk of its primordial atmosphere. Venus does not have a large Moon. That suggests that it's formation was a bit less tumultuous than the formation of the Earth. With no big collision to eject that primordial atmosphere, Venus may well have been operating in runaway greenhouse mode from the very onset. *Water.* Whether Venus first had free water on its surface or in its atmosphere has long been a subject of debate. Venus is now nearly devoid of water. If water was present in Venus early atmosphere, it would have served to even more strongly magnify the already huge greenhouse effect of a thick atmosphere that is opaque in the thermal infrared frequencies. If the very young Venus did have liquid water on its surface, it wouldn't have lasted very long. *Plate tectonics.* One of the consequences of a very thick atmosphere and no liquid water is no plate tectonics. Venus has a very thick greenhouse atmosphere, which makes for a very hot surface. The high temperature of Venus's surface means the surface healed itself too rapidly. Plates couldn't form on Venus (Bercovici 2014). Water is an important lubricant for plate tectonics, particularly for subduction (Mian 1990). (But also see (Fei 2013) for an opposing view.) With no plate tectonics, there was no mechanism to bury carbon inside of Venus. Plate tectonics developed fairly early on in Earth's history. By the time the Sun became hot enough (the early Sun was faint), the Earth had already started the process of sequestering away carbon into the lithosphere. *Life.* Life loves carbon. It is one of the key agents by which atmospheric carbon is transferred to the lithosphere. Life apparently never had a chance on Venus. **References** [Bercovici D. and Ricard Y., "Plate tectonics, damage and inheritance," *Nature* 508, 513-516 (2014)](http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v508/n7497/full/nature13072.html) [Fei et al., "Small effect of water on upper-mantle rheology based on silicon self-diffusion coefficients," *Nature* 498, 213–215 (2013)](http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v498/n7453/abs/nature12193.html) [Mian Z. and Tozer D., "No water, no plate tectonics: convective heat transfer and the planetary surfaces of Venus and Earth," *Terra Nova* 2:5, 455-459 (1990)](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1990.tb00102.x/abstract)

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\ begingroup美元为什么没有板块构造没有水(你仍然可以有tidfal部队和对流),厚atmospohere扮演什么角色?(如果这是太复杂的答案在评论或通过增加你的博文(op)很可能是好的我会问一个专门的问题。 \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -集市
2014年5月14日在十一27吗
1

\ begingroup美元 @mart——我加强了板块构造和添加了一些引用的部分。这显然是简单的问题实际上是相当复杂的。答案有多个方面,在某种程度上和科学的领域仍然是“我们不知道(但我们有一些很好的猜测)”。 \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -大卫Hammen
2014年5月14日12:58
\ begingroup美元金星是如此时髦的原因是它不旋转(或旋转逆行)由于很久以前碰撞。没有昼夜模式在金星上它有一个非常不同的能量平衡方程。 \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -f.thorpe ♦
2015年10月10日13:09
2

\ begingroup美元 @farrenthorpe——认为金星的自转很久以前碰撞的结果有点过时了。金星达到其所需的所有当前旋转状态是金星厚厚的大气层。看到a .专题和j·拉斯卡尔,“最后四个旋转的金星,”自然411.6839 (2001):767 - 770。 \ endgroup美元
- - - - - -大卫Hammen
2015年10月11日,在49

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