重要的是要注意,许多人造运河通常相当少量的新河道挖;运河通常是由连接现有的水道和一个更小的减少\跨越高山区,加上任何地方重要的快捷方式是由矫直路线。似乎很难找到详细的建设地图(不幸的)但这里是该地区的地图在运河是由[普遍服务基金历史地图档案][1]:[![在这里输入图像描述][2]][2]比较,(维基百科)[3]的运河地图显示了两个主要领域的新航道创建[![在这里输入图像描述][4]][4]然而,创造最大的地图上出现的广阔(加通湖)[5]由筑坝河流来创建一个更广泛的渠道(与其他连接的好处就像电力和水存储)。筑坝河流当然是一个普遍的实践在世界各地包括水监管目的,发电和农业。看着粗略估计水的变化(希望没有错误!):<一口> <子>注意这些使用美国、英国(定义)[6]的十亿美元10 ^ 9美元,万亿美元10 ^ {12}$。欧元换成其他地区的米勒德和万亿美元。< /订阅> < /一口>——将精力削减“平均深度约43英尺(13米)和扩展一些8英里(13公里)Pedro Miguel锁”和“在其长度运河的最低底宽500英尺(150米)” [\[Brittanica\]][7]. So that would be about **[7 billion gallons][8] (26 billion liters)**. - The Wikipedia articles lists Gatun Lake as 4.2 million acre*feet. That's **[1.4 trillion gallons][9] (5.2 trillion liters)**. [Lake Alajuela][10] is another [150 billion gallons][11] (600 billion liters). Given that the lake is the significant amount of water, 2 trillion gallons (8 trillion liters) would seem an extremely generous estimate for the amount of additional water impounded by the entire system (including widening the river and the water in the Gatun, Pedro Migual, and Miraflores Locks). If assumed all of that winds up being removed from the ocean, averaged over the 140 million square miles (362 million square km) of [ocean surface area][12], that would be roughly **[20 micrometers of depth][13] (less than 1/1000th of an inch)**, comparable to **[the width of a human hair][14]**. Again, remember that's a very generous estimate. Given that Wikipedia lists [48 reservoirs around the world][15] that each are [more than twice the amount][15] of the water estimated above, it would seem more significant to ask how much those remove in total from ocean. Still, all those combined would seem only to be on the order of perhaps centimeters of depth lost in aggregate. [1]: https://etc.usf.edu/maps/galleries/us/panamacanalzone/index.php [2]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/vchKn.png [3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Canal [4]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/8RtRB.jpg [5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatun_Lake [6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billion [7]: http://Throughout%20its%20length%20the%20canal%20has%20a%20minimum%20bottom%20width%20of%20500%20feet%20(150%20metres) [8]: https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=%2843%20ft%20*8%20miles%20*%20500%20feet%29%20to%20gallons&wal=header [9]: https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=%284%2C200%2C000%20acre%E2%8B%85ft%29%20to%20gallons [10]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Alajuela [11]: https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=%28600%20hm%5E3%29%20to%20gallons [12]: https://www.google.com/search?q=surface%20area%20of%20ocean [13]: https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=%282%20trillion%20gallons%20%2F%20140%20million%20square%20miles%29%20to%20micrometers [14]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair%27s_breadth [15]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_reservoirs_by_volume