首先,尼安德特人的原因(N)灭绝肯定不知道。尽管没有证据表明暴力(*)。有一个(重叠)[1]在欧洲(N,在解剖学上现代人类几千年(抗苗勒氏管激素),即使N找到网站仅限于Mousterien行业。这是一个保守的限制,因为N可能使用[更先进的技术][1]像刀片生产在过去几千年,这将扩展N存在~ 32000个基点。江南登录网址app下载等网站Gorham洞穴融入画面,但这个长时间的N[讨论][2]和[counterdebated] [3]: -))。无论如何,早在去年冰川最大(20 ~ 23肯塔基州BP)他们都消失了。有些(过时的)[4]认为,N是一个冷适应人类的血统。服装(骨头针)工具的外观与Aurignacien大幅上升,第一块石头工具行业在欧洲抗苗勒氏管激素有关。,当然并不意味着N没有使用的衣服,但他们可能没有一样精通Cro马侬姑娘和使他们的配偶。找到网站的(相关)[5]和气候图片确认N避免寒冷气候。 N populations were smaller than AMH, though [not really endangered by genetic bottlenecks][6] (there is newer work concerning Denisovans, stating they never really split from N, but i can't find it). By now it pretty clear that N and AMH [interbred][7] on [many occasions][8]. So why did they become extinct ? Together with other ice age megafauna in a highly stressed environment, loosing their way of subsistence ? Competition of top predators ? [Inbreading][9] nevertheless ? Dwindling numbers and simple merge with AMH ? [Bad luck][10] ? Unclear ... (*) I want to add a remark here to the Shanidar 3 guy mentioned below. First of all, the authors do not exclude an accident. Second, the work has been criticized by Trinkhaus et al. for methodological errors, as is cited [here][11]. I do not categorically exclude violence in the Paleolithic, the accusation is unfair, I only say there is no (undisputed) evidence. Btw.: we haven't been at the meat of that yet, but i am not handing out fuel against my argumentation ;-) It was stated that > "Our ancestors killed the males of other tribes and raped the few remaining females. That our ancestors killed Neandertals who looked rather different is not a far stretch from killing other anatomically modern humans who looked only slightly different." Both claims are not backed by science, [Cro Magnon][12] and [Neandertals][13] were not that different (reconstructions Neandertal Museum, Mettmann, Germany) and normal people don't just attack others. That men were killed and woman stolen happened (isolated cases of course) in the Neolithic and contemporary Mesolithic and later, and violence also becomes evident in the Epipaleolithic/Neolithic precursors, in sedentary or semi-sedentary groups, but that's not the point here. Surely not did it happen in the cold steppe of oxygen isotope stage 3 in Paleolithic Europe for obvious reasons: when the loss of a hunter could endanger the whole group; and women - having one child at a time to keep up the pace of mobility - moved around with the group. At the time 40kyBP population was low, it must rather be assumed that any accidental meeting was a cause of celebration and ... cultural ... sexual ... you get it :-) Proof is in us. With us. And so :-) [1]: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13621 [2]: https://www.pnas.org/content/110/8/2781 [3]: https://www.cell.com/heliyon/fulltext/S2405-8440(17)30864-2?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS2405844017308642%3Fshowall%3Dtrue [4]: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047248410002198?via%3Dihub [5]: https://www.pnas.org/content/115/37/9116 [6]: https://www.pnas.org/content/114/37/9859.full [7]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4947341/ [8]: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-018-0735-8 [9]: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-38571-1 [10]: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0225117 [11]: https://averyremoteperiodindeed.blogspot.com/2011/05/who-really-killed-shanidar-3.html [12]: https://www.neanderthal.de/en/archaic-humans.html [13]: https://i.pinimg.com/originals/af/46/1b/af461ba463f0df60b43316019fa0dc08.jpg